--- title: In 221 BC Qin Shi Huang united China and made writing, coins, weight… — China: the First Emperor, the Terracotta Army an… · tree and pragmatics description: In 221 BC Qin Shi Huang united China and made writing, coins, weights and even the width of cart axles the same everywhere, but he also used forced labour, burned books and punished harshly. Who acts: Qin. A sentence of the lesson «China: the First Emperor, the Terracotta Army and the Great Wall» of --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/52-china-the-first-emperor-the-terracotta-army-and-the-great-wall/1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / [China: the First Emperor, the Terracot…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/52-china-the-first-emperor-the-terracotta-army-and-the-great-wall/) / 1 # China: the First Emperor, the Terracotta Army and the Great Wall, sentence 1 In 221 BC Qin Shi Huang united China and made writing, coins, weights and even the width of cart axles the same everywhere, but he also used forced labour, burned books and punished harshly. **Who acts:** Qin · **What happens:** unite, make, use, force, burn, punish · **To what, where:** China, 221 BC, writing, forced labour This is a sentence of the lesson «China: the First Emperor, the Terracotta Army and the Great Wall» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Qin), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:history:052-china-the-first-emperor-the-terracotta-army-and-the-great-wall.lesson:1 # text = In 221 BC Qin Shi Huang united China and made writing, coins, weights and even the width of cart axles the same everywhere, but he also used forced labour, burned books and punished harshly. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = history # lesson = 052-china-the-first-emperor-the-terracotta-army-and-the-great-wall.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×2, R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 In in ADP IN _ 3 case _ _ 2 221 221 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 3 nummod _ _ 3 BC BC PROPN NNP Number=Sing 7 obl _ _ 4 Qin Qin PROPN NNP Number=Sing 7 nsubj _ _ 5 Shi Shi PROPN NNP Number=Sing 4 flat _ _ 6 Huang Huang PROPN NNP Number=Sing 4 flat _ _ 7 united unite VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 8 China China PROPN NNP Number=Sing 7 obj _ _ 9 and and CCONJ CC _ 10 cc _ _ 10 made make VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 7 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=2:conj 11 writing writing NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 obj _ _ 12 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 13 coins coin NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 conj _ _ 14 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 15 weights weight NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 conj _ Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=13:conj 16 and and CCONJ CC _ 19 cc _ _ 17 even even ADV RB _ 19 advmod _ _ 18 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 19 width width NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 conj _ Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=13:conj 20 of of ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 21 cart cart NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 compound _ _ 22 axles axle NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 nmod _ _ 23 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 24 det _ _ 24 same same ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 22 amod _ _ 25 everywhere everywhere ADV RB PronType=Tot 24 advmod _ _ 26 , , PUNCT , _ 30 punct _ _ 27 but but CCONJ CC _ 30 cc _ _ 28 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 30 nsubj _ _ 29 also also ADV RB _ 30 advmod _ _ 30 used use VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 7 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=10:conj 31 forced force VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 32 amod _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=32:amod|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos 32 labour labour NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 obj _ _ 33 , , PUNCT , _ 34 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=35:punct 34 burned burn VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 35 amod _ _ 35 books book NOUN NNS Number=Plur 32 conj _ _ 36 and and CCONJ CC _ 37 cc _ _ 37 punished punish VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 30 conj _ _ 38 harshly harshly ADV RB _ 37 advmod _ _ 39 . . PUNCT . _ 7 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **unite** | past | Qin | China | | 221 BC | | | vn amalgamate-22.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent china=Patient | | 2 | **make** | past | Qin *not said here* | writing and coins and weights and the width of cart axles | | | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset writing=Product | | 3 | **use** | past | Qin | forced labour and burned books | | | | | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent labour=Patient | | 4 | **force** | participle | | | | | | | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **burn** | participle | | | | | | | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 6 | **punish** | past | Qin *not said here* | | | | | harshly *property* | vn prosecute-33.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:052-china-the-first-emperor-the-terracotta-army-and-the-great-wall.lesson:1`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×2, R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [China: the First Emperor, the Terracot…, 0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/52-china-the-first-emperor-the-terracotta-army-and-the-great-wall/0/) - next →: [China: the First Emperor, the Terracot…, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/52-china-the-first-emperor-the-terracotta-army-and-the-great-wall/2/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/52-china-the-first-emperor-the-terracotta-army-and-the-great-wall/)