--- title: China's imperial exams, begun in early form under the Han and Sui an… — China: the First Emperor, the Terracotta Army an… · tree and pragmatics description: China's imperial exams, begun in early form under the Han and Sui and fully developed under the Tang and Song, chose officials by tests of learning, not by birth, until 1905, and they influenced Western civil service exams (tests for government office jobs). Who acts: imperial exams, exams. A senten --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/52-china-the-first-emperor-the-terracotta-army-and-the-great-wall/18/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / [China: the First Emperor, the Terracot…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/52-china-the-first-emperor-the-terracotta-army-and-the-great-wall/) / 18 # China: the First Emperor, the Terracotta Army and the Great Wall, sentence 18 China's imperial exams, begun in early form under the Han and Sui and fully developed under the Tang and Song, chose officials by tests of learning, not by birth, until 1905, and they influenced Western civil service exams (tests for government office jobs). **Who acts:** imperial exams, exams · **What happens:** begin, develop, chose, influence, test · **To what, where:** imperial exams, early form, Tang, officials, Western service exams, learning This is a sentence of the lesson «China: the First Emperor, the Terracotta Army and the Great Wall» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (imperial exams, exams), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:history:052-china-the-first-emperor-the-terracotta-army-and-the-great-wall.lesson:18 # text = China's imperial exams, begun in early form under the Han and Sui and fully developed under the Tang and Song, chose officials by tests of learning, not by birth, until 1905, and they influenced Western civil service exams (tests for government office jobs). # source = school lesson (ours) # course = history # lesson = 052-china-the-first-emperor-the-terracotta-army-and-the-great-wall.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×3, R8-pos-agree ×2 1 China China PROPN NNP Number=Sing 4 nmod:poss _ _ 2 's 's PART POS _ 1 case _ _ 3 imperial imperial ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 amod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=4:compound|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 4 exams exam NOUN NNS Number=Plur 24 nsubj _ _ 5 , , PUNCT , _ 6 punct _ _ 6 begun begin VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 4 acl _ _ 7 in in ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 8 early early ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 amod _ _ 9 form form NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 obl _ _ 10 under under ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 11 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 12 Han Han PROPN NNP Number=Sing 6 obl _ _ 13 and and CCONJ CC _ 14 cc _ _ 14 Sui Sui PROPN NNP Number=Sing 12 conj _ _ 15 and and CCONJ CC _ 17 cc _ _ 16 fully fully ADV RB _ 17 advmod _ _ 17 developed develop VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 6 conj _ _ 18 under under ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 19 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 20 det _ _ 20 Tang Tang PROPN NNP Number=Sing 17 obl _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=17:obl|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 21 and and CCONJ CC _ 22 cc _ _ 22 Song Song PROPN NNP Number=Sing 20 conj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=20:conj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 23 , , PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ _ 24 chose chose VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 25 officials official NOUN NNS Number=Plur 24 obj _ _ 26 by by ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 27 tests test NOUN NNS Number=Plur 24 obl _ _ 28 of of ADP IN _ 29 case _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=29:mark|HaikuPos=SCONJ:IN:_ 29 learning learning NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 nmod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=27:acl|HaikuPos=VERB:VBG:VerbForm=Ger 30 , , PUNCT , _ 33 punct _ _ 31 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 33 advmod _ _ 32 by by ADP IN _ 33 case _ _ 33 birth birth NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 obl _ _ 34 , , PUNCT , _ 36 punct _ _ 35 until until ADP IN _ 36 case _ _ 36 1905 1905 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 24 obl _ _ 37 , , PUNCT , _ 40 punct _ _ 38 and and CCONJ CC _ 40 cc _ _ 39 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 40 nsubj _ _ 40 influenced influence VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 24 conj _ _ 41 Western western ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 44 amod _ _ 42 civil civil ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 43 amod _ _ 43 service service NOUN NN Number=Sing 44 compound _ _ 44 exams exam NOUN NNS Number=Plur 40 obj _ _ 45 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 46 punct _ _ 46 tests test NOUN NNS Number=Plur 44 appos _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=40:parataxis 47 for for ADP IN _ 50 case _ _ 48 government government NOUN NN Number=Sing 49 compound _ _ 49 office office NOUN NN Number=Sing 50 compound _ _ 50 jobs job NOUN NNS Number=Plur 46 nmod _ _ 51 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 46 punct _ _ 52 . . PUNCT . _ 24 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **begin** | participle | | China's imperial exams *not said here* | | early form | | under the Han and Sui | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | | 2 | **develop** | participle | | | | the Tang and Song | | fully *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme under tang=Location | | 3 | **chose** | past | China's imperial exams | officials | | | until 1905 | by tests of learning | tree rules | | 4 | **influence** | past | exams *= exam* | Western service exams | | | | | vn compel-59.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent exam=Patient | | 5 | **test** | | | learning | | | | | nom test «cognition transitive»: of=patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:052-china-the-first-emperor-the-terracotta-army-and-the-great-wall.lesson:18`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×3, R8-pos-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [China: the First Emperor, the Terracot…, 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/52-china-the-first-emperor-the-terracotta-army-and-the-great-wall/17/) - next →: [China: the First Emperor, the Terracot…, 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/52-china-the-first-emperor-the-terracotta-army-and-the-great-wall/19/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/52-china-the-first-emperor-the-terracotta-army-and-the-great-wall/)