--- title: Tradition says Cai Lun invented paper in 105 AD, but older Chinese p… — China: the First Emperor, the Terracotta Army an… · tree and pragmatics description: Tradition says Cai Lun invented paper in 105 AD, but older Chinese paper from about 200 BC has been found, so he improved it rather than invented it. Who acts: Tradition, Cai. A sentence of the lesson «China: the First Emperor, the Terracotta Army and the Great Wall» of the history course of Mova's --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/52-china-the-first-emperor-the-terracotta-army-and-the-great-wall/20/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / [China: the First Emperor, the Terracot…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/52-china-the-first-emperor-the-terracotta-army-and-the-great-wall/) / 20 # China: the First Emperor, the Terracotta Army and the Great Wall, sentence 20 Tradition says Cai Lun invented paper in 105 AD, but older Chinese paper from about 200 BC has been found, so he improved it rather than invented it. **Who acts:** Tradition, Cai · **What happens:** say, invent, find, improve · **To what, where:** paper, 105, older Chinese paper · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «China: the First Emperor, the Terracotta Army and the Great Wall» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Tradition, Cai), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:history:052-china-the-first-emperor-the-terracotta-army-and-the-great-wall.lesson:20 # text = Tradition says Cai Lun invented paper in 105 AD, but older Chinese paper from about 200 BC has been found, so he improved it rather than invented it. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = history # lesson = 052-china-the-first-emperor-the-terracotta-army-and-the-great-wall.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Tradition tradition NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ _ 2 says say VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 Cai Cai PROPN NNP Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ _ 4 Lun Lun PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 flat _ _ 5 invented invent VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 2 ccomp _ _ 6 paper paper NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 obj _ _ 7 in in ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 8 105 105 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 5 obl _ _ 9 AD ad NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 nmod:unmarked _ _ 10 , , PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 11 but but CCONJ CC _ 21 cc _ _ 12 older old ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 14 amod _ _ 13 Chinese Chinese ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 14 amod _ _ 14 paper paper NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 nsubj:pass _ _ 15 from from ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 16 about about ADV RB _ 17 advmod _ _ 17 200 200 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 14 nmod _ _ 18 BC BC PROPN NNP Number=Sing 17 flat _ _ 19 has have AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 21 aux _ _ 20 been be AUX VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 21 aux:pass _ _ 21 found find VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 5 conj _ _ 22 , , PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ _ 23 so so ADV RB _ 25 advmod _ _ 24 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 nsubj _ _ 25 improved improve VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 2 ccomp _ _ 26 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 obj _ _ 27 rather rather ADV RB ExtPos=CCONJ 29 cc _ _ 28 than than ADP IN _ 27 fixed _ _ 29 invented invent VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 25 conj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=25:conj|HaikuPos=VERB:VBN:Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 30 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 29 obj _ _ 31 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Tradition | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 2 | **invent** | past | Cai | paper | | 105 AD | | | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent paper=Result | | 3 | **find** | present · perfect · passive | | older Chinese paper from 200 | | | | | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic | | 4 | **improve** | past | Cai | paper | | | | | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent it=Patient | | 5 | **invent** | past | Cai *not said here* | paper | | | | | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Result | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:052-china-the-first-emperor-the-terracotta-army-and-the-great-wall.lesson:20`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [China: the First Emperor, the Terracot…, 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/52-china-the-first-emperor-the-terracotta-army-and-the-great-wall/19/) - next →: [China: the four great inventions, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/53-china-the-four-great-inventions/1/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/52-china-the-first-emperor-the-terracotta-army-and-the-great-wall/)