--- title: In the Han era Chinese thinkers used magnetic spoons for divination… — China: the four great inventions · tree and pragmatics description: In the Han era Chinese thinkers used magnetic spoons for divination (trying to tell the future), and by the 11th century compasses were used for navigation at sea. Who acts: Chinese thinkers. A sentence of the lesson «China: the four great inventions» of the history course of Mova's primary school w --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/53-china-the-four-great-inventions/11/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / [China: the four great inventions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/53-china-the-four-great-inventions/) / 11 # China: the four great inventions, sentence 11 In the Han era Chinese thinkers used magnetic spoons for divination (trying to tell the future), and by the 11th century compasses were used for navigation at sea. **Who acts:** Chinese thinkers · **What happens:** use, try, tell · **To what, where:** magnetic spoons, Han era, future, compasses · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «China: the four great inventions» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Chinese thinkers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:history:053-china-the-four-great-inventions.lesson:11 # text = In the Han era Chinese thinkers used magnetic spoons for divination (trying to tell the future), and by the 11th century compasses were used for navigation at sea. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = history # lesson = 053-china-the-four-great-inventions.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×5, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 In in ADP IN _ 4 case _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 3 Han Han PROPN NNP Number=Sing 4 compound _ _ 4 era era NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 obl _ _ 5 Chinese Chinese ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 amod _ _ 6 thinkers thinker NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 nsubj _ _ 7 used use VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 8 magnetic magnetic ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 amod _ _ 9 spoons spoon NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 obj _ _ 10 for for ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 11 divination divination NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=9:nmod 12 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 13 punct _ _ 13 trying try VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 7 advcl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=11:appos 14 to to PART TO _ 15 mark _ _ 15 tell tell VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 13 xcomp _ _ 16 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 17 det _ _ 17 future future NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 obj _ _ 18 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 13 punct _ _ 19 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 20 and and CCONJ CC _ 27 cc _ _ 21 by by ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 22 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 24 det _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=25:det 23 11th 11th ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 24 amod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=25:compound|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 24 century century NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=25:compound 25 compasses compass NOUN NNS Number=Plur 27 nsubj:pass _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=27:obl 26 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 27 aux:pass _ _ 27 used use VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 7 conj _ _ 28 for for ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 29 navigation navigation NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 obl _ _ 30 at at ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 31 sea sea NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 nmod _ _ 32 . . PUNCT . _ 7 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **use** | past | Chinese thinkers | magnetic spoons | | the Han era | | for divination | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP PP.predicate»: agent=Agent spoon=Theme for divination=Eventuality | | 2 | **try** | gerund | Chinese thinkers *not said here* | | | | | | vn try-61.1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | | 3 | **tell** *speech: assert* *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | Chinese thinkers *not said here* | the future | | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent future=Recipient | | 4 | **use** | past · passive | | compasses | | | century | for navigation at sea | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP PP.predicate»: subject=Theme for navigation=Eventuality | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:053-china-the-four-great-inventions.lesson:11`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×5, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [China: the four great inventions, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/53-china-the-four-great-inventions/10/) - next →: [China: the four great inventions, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/53-china-the-four-great-inventions/13/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/53-china-the-four-great-inventions/)