--- title: Paper, printing, the magnetic compass and gunpowder were all first d… — China: the four great inventions · tree and pragmatics description: Paper, printing, the magnetic compass and gunpowder were all first developed in China and spread west; calling them «the four great inventions» became popular in modern times. Who acts: calling. A sentence of the lesson «China: the four great inventions» of the history course of Mova's primary schoo --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/53-china-the-four-great-inventions/7/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / [China: the four great inventions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/53-china-the-four-great-inventions/) / 7 # China: the four great inventions, sentence 7 Paper, printing, the magnetic compass and gunpowder were all first developed in China and spread west; calling them «the four great inventions» became popular in modern times. **Who acts:** calling · **What happens:** develop, spread, call, become · **To what, where:** Paper, China · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «China: the four great inventions» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (calling), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:history:053-china-the-four-great-inventions.lesson:7 # text = Paper, printing, the magnetic compass and gunpowder were all first developed in China and spread west; calling them «the four great inventions» became popular in modern times. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = history # lesson = 053-china-the-four-great-inventions.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Paper paper NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 nsubj:pass _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=3:conj 2 , , PUNCT , _ 3 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=1:punct 3 printing printing NOUN NN Number=Sing 1 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=13:nsubj:pass 4 , , PUNCT , _ 7 punct _ _ 5 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 6 magnetic magnetic ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 amod _ _ 7 compass compass NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 conj _ _ 8 and and CCONJ CC _ 9 cc _ _ 9 gunpowder gunpowder NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 conj _ _ 10 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 13 aux:pass _ _ 11 all all ADV RB _ 13 advmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=12:advmod 12 first first ADV RB NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord 13 advmod _ _ 13 developed develop VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 14 in in ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 15 China China PROPN NNP Number=Sing 13 obl _ _ 16 and and CCONJ CC _ 17 cc _ _ 17 spread spread VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 13 conj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=13:conj|HaikuPos=VERB:VBN:Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 18 west west ADV RB _ 17 advmod _ _ 19 ; ; PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 20 calling call VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 28 csubj _ _ 21 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 obj _ _ 22 « « PUNCT `` _ 26 punct _ _ 23 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 26 det _ _ 24 four four NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 26 nummod _ _ 25 great great ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 26 amod _ _ 26 inventions invention NOUN NNS Number=Plur 20 xcomp _ _ 27 » » PUNCT '' _ 26 punct _ _ 28 became become VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 13 parataxis _ _ 29 popular popular ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 28 xcomp _ _ 30 in in ADP IN _ 32 case _ _ 31 modern modern ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 32 amod _ _ 32 times time NOUN NNS Number=Plur 29 obl _ _ 33 . . PUNCT . _ 13 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **develop** | past · passive | | Paper and printing and the magnetic compass and gunpowder | | China | | all, first *property* | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Product | | 2 | **spread** | past | | | | | | west *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **call** | gerund | | paper | | | | | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent they=Recipient | | 4 | **become** | past | calling | | | | | popular *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:053-china-the-four-great-inventions.lesson:7`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [China: the four great inventions, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/53-china-the-four-great-inventions/6/) - next →: [China: the four great inventions, 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/53-china-the-four-great-inventions/8/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/53-china-the-four-great-inventions/)