--- title: The Diamond Sutra, a Buddhist holy text printed in 868 AD and found… — China: the four great inventions · tree and pragmatics description: The Diamond Sutra, a Buddhist holy text printed in 868 AD and found in a cave at Dunhuang, is the oldest dated printed book; it is now in the British Library in London. Who acts: Diamond. A sentence of the lesson «China: the four great inventions» of the history course of Mova's primary school with --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/53-china-the-four-great-inventions/8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / [China: the four great inventions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/53-china-the-four-great-inventions/) / 8 # China: the four great inventions, sentence 8 The Diamond Sutra, a Buddhist holy text printed in 868 AD and found in a cave at Dunhuang, is the oldest dated printed book; it is now in the British Library in London. **Who acts:** Diamond · **What happens:** print, find, date, be · **To what, where:** Buddhist holy text, 868 AD, cave, oldest dated printed book, British Library This is a sentence of the lesson «China: the four great inventions» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Diamond), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:history:053-china-the-four-great-inventions.lesson:8 # text = The Diamond Sutra, a Buddhist holy text printed in 868 AD and found in a cave at Dunhuang, is the oldest dated printed book; it is now in the British Library in London. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = history # lesson = 053-china-the-four-great-inventions.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 Diamond Diamond PROPN NNP Number=Sing 26 nsubj _ _ 3 Sutra Sutra PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 flat _ _ 4 , , PUNCT , _ 8 punct _ _ 5 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 6 Buddhist Buddhist ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 amod _ _ 7 holy holy ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 amod _ _ 8 text text NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 appos _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=2:appos 9 printed print VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 8 acl _ _ 10 in in ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 11 868 868 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 12 nummod _ _ 12 AD ad NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 obl _ _ 13 and and CCONJ CC _ 14 cc _ _ 14 found find VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 9 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=2:conj|HaikuPos=VERB:VBD:Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 15 in in ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 16 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 17 det _ _ 17 cave cave NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 obl _ _ 18 at at ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 19 Dunhuang Dunhuang PROPN NNP Number=Sing 17 nmod _ _ 20 , , PUNCT , _ 2 punct _ _ 21 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 26 cop _ _ 22 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 26 det _ _ 23 oldest old ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 26 amod _ _ 24 dated date VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 26 amod _ _ 25 printed print VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 26 amod _ _ 26 book book NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 27 ; ; PUNCT : _ 34 punct _ _ 28 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 34 nsubj _ _ 29 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 34 cop _ _ 30 now now ADV RB PronType=Dem 34 advmod _ _ 31 in in ADP IN _ 34 case _ _ 32 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 34 det _ _ 33 British British ADJ NNP Degree=Pos 34 amod _ _ 34 Library Library PROPN NNP Number=Sing 26 parataxis _ _ 35 in in ADP IN _ 36 case _ _ 36 London London PROPN NNP Number=Sing 34 nmod _ _ 37 . . PUNCT . _ 26 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **print** | participle | | a Buddhist holy text *not said here* | | 868 AD | | | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in ad=Destination | | 2 | **find** | participle | | | | a cave at Dunhuang | | | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **date** | participle | | | | | | | vn marry-36.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **print** | participle | | | | | | | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **is a** | present | the Diamond | the oldest dated printed book | | | | | tree rules | | 6 | **is** | present | Diamond | | | the British Library | now | in London | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:053-china-the-four-great-inventions.lesson:8`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [China: the four great inventions, 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/53-china-the-four-great-inventions/7/) - next →: [China: the four great inventions, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/53-china-the-four-great-inventions/9/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/53-china-the-four-great-inventions/)