--- title: Bi Sheng made clay movable type around 1040 AD, Korea printed the Ji… — China: the four great inventions · tree and pragmatics description: Bi Sheng made clay movable type around 1040 AD, Korea printed the Jikji with metal type in 1377, and Gutenberg's press of about 1450 used metal type, which suited the alphabet. Who acts: Bi, Korea, press, Gutenberg. A sentence of the lesson «China: the four great inventions» of the history course of --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/53-china-the-four-great-inventions/9/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / [China: the four great inventions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/53-china-the-four-great-inventions/) / 9 # China: the four great inventions, sentence 9 Bi Sheng made clay movable type around 1040 AD, Korea printed the Jikji with metal type in 1377, and Gutenberg's press of about 1450 used metal type, which suited the alphabet. **Who acts:** Bi, Korea, press, Gutenberg · **What happens:** make, print, use, suit, press · **To what, where:** clay movable type, 1040, Jikji, 1377, metal type, alphabet This is a sentence of the lesson «China: the four great inventions» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Bi, Korea, press, Gutenberg), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:history:053-china-the-four-great-inventions.lesson:9 # text = Bi Sheng made clay movable type around 1040 AD, Korea printed the Jikji with metal type in 1377, and Gutenberg's press of about 1450 used metal type, which suited the alphabet. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = history # lesson = 053-china-the-four-great-inventions.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2 1 Bi Bi PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 2 Sheng Sheng PROPN NNP Number=Sing 1 flat _ _ 3 made make VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 clay clay NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 compound _ _ 5 movable movable ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 amod _ _ 6 type type NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obj _ _ 7 around around ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 8 1040 1040 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 3 obl _ _ 9 AD ad NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 nmod:unmarked _ _ 10 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 11 Korea Korea PROPN NNP Number=Sing 12 nsubj _ _ 12 printed print VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=3:conj 13 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 14 Jikji Jikji PROPN NNP Number=Sing 12 obj _ _ 15 with with ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 16 metal metal NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 compound _ _ 17 type type NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 obl _ _ 18 in in ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 19 1377 1377 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 12 obl _ _ 20 , , PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 21 and and CCONJ CC _ 28 cc _ _ 22 Gutenberg Gutenberg PROPN NNP Number=Sing 24 nmod:poss _ _ 23 's 's PART POS _ 22 case _ _ 24 press press NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 nsubj _ _ 25 of of ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 26 about about ADV RB _ 27 advmod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=27:case|HaikuPos=ADP:IN:_ 27 1450 1450 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 24 nmod _ _ 28 used use VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 parataxis _ _ 29 metal metal NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 compound _ _ 30 type type NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 obj _ _ 31 , , PUNCT , _ 33 punct _ _ 32 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 33 nsubj _ _ 33 suited suit VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 28 conj _ _ 34 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 35 det _ _ 35 alphabet alphabet NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 obj _ _ 36 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **make** | past | Bi | clay movable type | | 1040 AD | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent type=Product | | 2 | **print** | past | Korea | the Jikji | | 1377 | | with metal type | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent jikji=Theme in 1377=Destination | | 3 | **use** | past | Gutenberg's press of 1450 | metal type | | | | | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent type=Patient | | 4 | **suit** | past | | the alphabet | | | | | tree rules | | 5 | **press** | | Gutenberg | | | | | | nom press «state intransitive»: poss=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:053-china-the-four-great-inventions.lesson:9`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [China: the four great inventions, 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/53-china-the-four-great-inventions/8/) - next →: [China: the four great inventions, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/53-china-the-four-great-inventions/10/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/53-china-the-four-great-inventions/)