---
title: Knowledge of gunpowder reached the Islamic world and Europe in the 1… — China: the Song and the Mongols · tree and pragmatics
description: Knowledge of gunpowder reached the Islamic world and Europe in the 13th century, likely through Mongol contacts and trade, though the exact route is debated. Who acts: Knowledge. A sentence of the lesson «China: the Song and the Mongols» of the history course of Mova's primary school with its depend
---

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# China: the Song and the Mongols, sentence 13

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Knowledge of gunpowder reached the Islamic world and Europe in the 13th century, likely through Mongol contacts and trade, though the exact route is debated.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Knowledge · **What happens:** reach, debate · **To what, where:** Islamic world, exact route

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the lesson «China: the Song and the Mongols» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Knowledge), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:history:055-china-the-song-and-the-mongols.lesson:13
# text = Knowledge of gunpowder reached the Islamic world and Europe in the 13th century, likely through Mongol contacts and trade, though the exact route is debated.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = history
# lesson = 055-china-the-song-and-the-mongols.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1
1	Knowledge	knowledge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=0:root
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	gunpowder	gunpowder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
4	reached	reach	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=3:acl|HaikuPos=VERB:VBN:Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	Islamic	Islamic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	compound	_	_
7	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	Europe	Europe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	13th	13th	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Ord	13	amod	_	_
13	century	century	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
15	likely	likely	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
16	through	through	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	Mongol	mongol	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	contacts	contact	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	appos	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	trade	trade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	_
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
22	though	though	SCONJ	IN	_	27	mark	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
24	exact	exact	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	route	route	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	nsubj:pass	_	_
26	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	27	aux:pass	_	_
27	debated	debate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	advcl	_	_
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=1:punct
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reach** | past | Knowledge of gunpowder | the Islamic world and Europe |  |  | century |  | vn body\_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent world=Theme |
| 2 | **debate** | present · passive |  | the exact route |  |  |  |  | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Co-Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:055-china-the-song-and-the-mongols.lesson:13`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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