--- title: The Song capitals Kaifeng and later Hangzhou may each have had over… — China: the Song and the Mongols · tree and pragmatics description: The Song capitals Kaifeng and later Hangzhou may each have had over a million people, among the largest cities on Earth, while London had perhaps 20,000; Marco Polo called Hangzhou the finest city in the world. Who acts: Song capitals, London, Marco Polo. A sentence of the lesson «China: the Song an --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/55-china-the-song-and-the-mongols/8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / [China: the Song and the Mongols](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/55-china-the-song-and-the-mongols/) / 8 # China: the Song and the Mongols, sentence 8 The Song capitals Kaifeng and later Hangzhou may each have had over a million people, among the largest cities on Earth, while London had perhaps 20,000; Marco Polo called Hangzhou the finest city in the world. **Who acts:** Song capitals, London, Marco Polo · **What happens:** have over, have, call · **To what, where:** million people, 20,000, Hangzhou · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «China: the Song and the Mongols» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Song capitals, London, Marco Polo), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:history:055-china-the-song-and-the-mongols.lesson:8 # text = The Song capitals Kaifeng and later Hangzhou may each have had over a million people, among the largest cities on Earth, while London had perhaps 20,000; Marco Polo called Hangzhou the finest city in the world. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = history # lesson = 055-china-the-song-and-the-mongols.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×4, R8-pos-agree ×3 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 2 Song Song PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 compound _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=3:compound|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 3 capitals capital NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 nsubj _ _ 4 Kaifeng Kaifeng PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 appos _ _ 5 and and CCONJ CC _ 7 cc _ _ 6 later late ADV RBR Degree=Cmp 7 advmod _ _ 7 Hangzhou Hangzhou PROPN NNP Number=Sing 4 conj _ _ 8 may may AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 11 aux _ _ 9 each each DET DT PronType=Tot 11 nsubj _ _ 10 have have AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 11 aux _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=11:aux|HaikuPos=AUX:VBP:Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 11 had have VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 0 root _ _ 12 over over ADV RB _ 14 advmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=15:case|HaikuPos=ADP:IN:_ 13 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 14 million million NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 15 nummod _ _ 15 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 obj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=11:obl 16 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 17 among among ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 18 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 20 det _ _ 19 largest large ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 20 amod _ _ 20 cities city NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 conj _ _ 21 on on ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 22 Earth Earth PROPN NNP Number=Sing 20 nmod _ _ 23 , , PUNCT , _ 26 punct _ _ 24 while while SCONJ IN _ 26 mark _ _ 25 London London PROPN NNP Number=Sing 26 nsubj _ _ 26 had have VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 11 advcl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=11:parataxis 27 perhaps perhaps ADV RB _ 28 advmod _ _ 28 20,000 20000 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 26 obj _ _ 29 ; ; PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 30 Marco Marco PROPN NNP Number=Sing 31 compound _ _ 31 Polo Polo PROPN NNP Number=Sing 32 nsubj _ _ 32 called call VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 11 parataxis _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=11:parataxis|HaikuPos=VERB:VBN:Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 33 Hangzhou Hangzhou PROPN NNP Number=Sing 32 obj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=32:xcomp 34 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 36 det _ _ 35 finest fine ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 36 amod _ _ 36 city city NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 xcomp _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=32:obj 37 in in ADP IN _ 39 case _ _ 38 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 39 det _ _ 39 world world NOUN NN Number=Sing 36 nmod _ _ 40 . . PUNCT . _ 11 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **have over** | may · perfect | the Song capitals | million people | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Patient | | 2 | **have** | past | London | 20,000 | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 20000=Patient | | 3 | **call** | past | Marco Polo | | Hangzhou | | | | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent hangzhou=Recipient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:055-china-the-song-and-the-mongols.lesson:8`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×4, R8-pos-agree ×3. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [China: the Song and the Mongols, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/55-china-the-song-and-the-mongols/6/) - next →: [China: the Song and the Mongols, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/55-china-the-song-and-the-mongols/9/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/55-china-the-song-and-the-mongols/)