--- title: The biggest treasure ships are said to have been about 120 m long; m… — China: the Ming and Zheng He's voyages · tree and pragmatics description: The biggest treasure ships are said to have been about 120 m long; many historians think they were smaller, but they were still much bigger than Columbus's ships. Who acts: many historians, ships. A sentence of the lesson «China: the Ming and Zheng He's voyages» of the history course of Mova's prima --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/56-china-the-ming-and-zheng-he-s-voyages/11/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / [China: the Ming and Zheng He's voyages](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/56-china-the-ming-and-zheng-he-s-voyages/) / 11 # China: the Ming and Zheng He's voyages, sentence 11 The biggest treasure ships are said to have been about 120 m long; many historians think they were smaller, but they were still much bigger than Columbus's ships. **Who acts:** many historians, ships · **What happens:** say, have, be, think · **To what, where:** biggest treasure ships · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «China: the Ming and Zheng He's voyages» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (many historians, ships), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:history:056-china-the-ming-and-zheng-he-s-voyages.lesson:11 # text = The biggest treasure ships are said to have been about 120 m long; many historians think they were smaller, but they were still much bigger than Columbus's ships. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = history # lesson = 056-china-the-ming-and-zheng-he-s-voyages.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 2 biggest big ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 4 amod _ _ 3 treasure treasure NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 compound _ _ 4 ships ship NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 nsubj:pass _ _ 5 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 aux:pass _ _ 6 said say VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 7 to to PART TO _ 8 mark _ _ 8 have have VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 6 xcomp _ _ 9 been be AUX VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 13 cop _ _ 10 about about ADV RB _ 11 advmod _ _ 11 120 120 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 12 nummod _ _ 12 m m NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 obl:unmarked _ _ 13 long long ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 xcomp _ _ 14 ; ; PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _ 15 many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 16 amod _ _ 16 historians historian NOUN NNS Number=Plur 17 nsubj _ _ 17 think think VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 8 parataxis _ _ 18 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 nsubj _ _ 19 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 20 cop _ _ 20 smaller small ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 17 ccomp _ _ 21 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 22 but but CCONJ CC _ 27 cc _ _ 23 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 27 nsubj _ _ 24 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 27 cop _ _ 25 still still ADV RB _ 26 advmod _ _ 26 much much ADV RB _ 27 advmod _ _ 27 bigger big ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 20 conj _ _ 28 than than ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 29 Columbus Columbus PROPN NNP Number=Sing 31 nmod:poss _ _ 30 's 's PART POS _ 29 case _ _ 31 ships ship NOUN NNS Number=Plur 27 obl _ _ 32 . . PUNCT . _ 6 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present · passive | | the biggest treasure ships | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **have** | to-infinitive | | | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **is** | participle | | | | | | 120 m *obl:unmarked*; long *property* | tree rules | | 4 | **think** *speech: other* | present | many historians | | | | | | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **is** | past | ships *= ship* | | | | | small *property* | tree rules | | 6 | **is** | past | ships *= ship* | | | | | than Columbus's ships; big *property* | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:056-china-the-ming-and-zheng-he-s-voyages.lesson:11`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [China: the Ming and Zheng He's voyages, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/56-china-the-ming-and-zheng-he-s-voyages/10/) - next →: [China: the Ming and Zheng He's voyages, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/56-china-the-ming-and-zheng-he-s-voyages/12/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/56-china-the-ming-and-zheng-he-s-voyages/)