---
title: Mei says the Qing were Chinese like all the others; the teacher says… — China: the Qing and the Opium Wars · tree and pragmatics
description: Mei says the Qing were Chinese like all the others; the teacher says «foreign rulers». Who acts: Mei, Qing, teacher. A sentence of the lesson «China: the Qing and the Opium Wars» of the history course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# China: the Qing and the Opium Wars, sentence 1

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Mei says the Qing were Chinese like all the others; the teacher says «foreign rulers».

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**Who acts:** Mei, Qing, teacher · **What happens:** say, be · **To what, where:** foreign rulers · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of the lesson «China: the Qing and the Opium Wars» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Mei, Qing, teacher), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:history:057-china-the-qing-and-the-opium-wars.lesson:1
# text = Mei says the Qing were Chinese like all the others; the teacher says «foreign rulers».
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = history
# lesson = 057-china-the-qing-and-the-opium-wars.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	Mei	Mei	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	Qing	Qing	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	Chinese	Chinese	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	ccomp	_	_
7	like	like	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	10	det:predet	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
11	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
14	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
15	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	17	punct	_	_
16	foreign	foreign	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	rulers	ruler	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obj	_	_
18	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	17	punct	_	_
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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No stored speech act for this sentence.

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Mei |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | past | the Qing |  |  |  |  | like all others; chinese *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the teacher | foreign rulers |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent ruler=Topic |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:057-china-the-qing-and-the-opium-wars.lesson:1`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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