--- title: In 1793 Lord Macartney came from Britain asking for more trade and a… — China: the Qing and the Opium Wars · tree and pragmatics description: In 1793 Lord Macartney came from Britain asking for more trade and an embassy in Beijing; the Qianlong Emperor answered that China possessed «all things» and had no need of British goods. Who acts: Lord, Qianlong Emperor, China. A sentence of the lesson «China: the Qing and the Opium Wars» of the hi --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/57-china-the-qing-and-the-opium-wars/12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / [China: the Qing and the Opium Wars](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/57-china-the-qing-and-the-opium-wars/) / 12 # China: the Qing and the Opium Wars, sentence 12 In 1793 Lord Macartney came from Britain asking for more trade and an embassy in Beijing; the Qianlong Emperor answered that China possessed «all things» and had no need of British goods. **Who acts:** Lord, Qianlong Emperor, China · **What happens:** come, ask, answer, possess, have, need · **To what, where:** 1793, things, need, British goods · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «China: the Qing and the Opium Wars» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Lord, Qianlong Emperor, China), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:history:057-china-the-qing-and-the-opium-wars.lesson:12 # text = In 1793 Lord Macartney came from Britain asking for more trade and an embassy in Beijing; the Qianlong Emperor answered that China possessed «all things» and had no need of British goods. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = history # lesson = 057-china-the-qing-and-the-opium-wars.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 In in ADP IN _ 2 case _ _ 2 1793 1793 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 5 obl _ _ 3 Lord Lord PROPN NNP Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ _ 4 Macartney Macartney PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 flat _ _ 5 came come VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 6 from from ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 7 Britain Britain PROPN NNP Number=Sing 5 obl _ _ 8 asking ask VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 5 advcl _ _ 9 for for ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 10 more more ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 11 amod _ _ 11 trade trade NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 obl _ _ 12 and and CCONJ CC _ 14 cc _ _ 13 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 14 embassy embassy NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 conj _ _ 15 in in ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 16 Beijing Beijing PROPN NNP Number=Sing 14 nmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=8:obl 17 ; ; PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 18 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 20 det _ _ 19 Qianlong Qianlong PROPN NNP Number=Sing 20 compound _ _ 20 Emperor emperor PROPN NNP Number=Sing 21 nsubj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=21:nsubj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 21 answered answer VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 5 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=5:conj 22 that that SCONJ IN _ 24 mark _ _ 23 China China PROPN NNP Number=Sing 24 nsubj _ _ 24 possessed possess VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 21 ccomp _ _ 25 « « PUNCT `` _ 27 punct _ _ 26 all all DET DT PronType=Tot 27 det _ _ 27 things thing NOUN NNS Number=Plur 24 obj _ _ 28 » » PUNCT '' _ 27 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=30:punct 29 and and CCONJ CC _ 30 cc _ _ 30 had have VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 24 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=21:conj 31 no no DET DT PronType=Neg 32 det _ _ 32 need need NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 obj _ _ 33 of of ADP IN _ 35 case _ _ 34 British British ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 35 amod _ _ 35 goods goods NOUN NNS Number=Ptan 32 nmod _ _ 36 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **come** | past | Lord | | | 1793 | | from Britain | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from britain=Initial\_Location | | 2 | **ask** *speech: ask* | gerund | Lord *not said here* | | | | | for more trade and a embassy in Beijing | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **answer** *speech: assert* | past | the Qianlong Emperor | | | | | | tree rules | | 4 | **possess** | past | China | all things | | | | | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot thing=Theme | | 5 | **have** | past | China *not said here* | no need of British goods | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent need=Patient | | 6 | **need** | | | British goods | | | | | nom need «state transitive»: of=patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:057-china-the-qing-and-the-opium-wars.lesson:12`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [China: the Qing and the Opium Wars, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/57-china-the-qing-and-the-opium-wars/11/) - next →: [China: the Qing and the Opium Wars, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/57-china-the-qing-and-the-opium-wars/13/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/57-china-the-qing-and-the-opium-wars/)