--- title: The Treaty of Nanjing of 1842 forced China to open five ports to for… — China: the Qing and the Opium Wars · tree and pragmatics description: The Treaty of Nanjing of 1842 forced China to open five ports to foreign trade and to give Hong Kong Island to Britain; many British people at the time opposed the war. Who acts: Treaty, China, many British people. A sentence of the lesson «China: the Qing and the Opium Wars» of the history course o --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/57-china-the-qing-and-the-opium-wars/15/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / [China: the Qing and the Opium Wars](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/57-china-the-qing-and-the-opium-wars/) / 15 # China: the Qing and the Opium Wars, sentence 15 The Treaty of Nanjing of 1842 forced China to open five ports to foreign trade and to give Hong Kong Island to Britain; many British people at the time opposed the war. **Who acts:** Treaty, China, many British people · **What happens:** force, open, give, oppose · **To what, where:** China, five ports, foreign trade, Hong Kong Island, Britain, war This is a sentence of the lesson «China: the Qing and the Opium Wars» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Treaty, China, many British people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:history:057-china-the-qing-and-the-opium-wars.lesson:15 # text = The Treaty of Nanjing of 1842 forced China to open five ports to foreign trade and to give Hong Kong Island to Britain; many British people at the time opposed the war. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = history # lesson = 057-china-the-qing-and-the-opium-wars.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 Treaty Treaty PROPN NNP Number=Sing 7 nsubj _ _ 3 of of ADP IN _ 4 case _ _ 4 Nanjing Nanjing PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 nmod _ _ 5 of of ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 6 1842 1842 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 2 nmod _ _ 7 forced force VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 8 China China PROPN NNP Number=Sing 7 obj _ _ 9 to to PART TO _ 10 mark _ _ 10 open open VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 7 xcomp _ _ 11 five five NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 12 nummod _ _ 12 ports port NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 obj _ _ 13 to to ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 14 foreign foreign ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 15 amod _ _ 15 trade trade NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 obl _ _ 16 and and CCONJ CC _ 18 cc _ _ 17 to to PART TO _ 18 mark _ _ 18 give give VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 10 conj _ _ 19 Hong Hong PROPN NNP Number=Sing 21 compound _ _ 20 Kong Kong PROPN NNP Number=Sing 21 compound _ _ 21 Island Island PROPN NNP Number=Sing 18 obj _ _ 22 to to ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 23 Britain Britain PROPN NNP Number=Sing 18 obl _ _ 24 ; ; PUNCT : _ 27 punct _ _ 25 many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 27 amod _ _ 26 British British ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 27 amod _ _ 27 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 31 nsubj _ _ 28 at at ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 29 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 30 det _ _ 30 time time NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 obl _ _ 31 opposed oppose VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 7 parataxis _ _ 32 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 33 det _ _ 33 war war NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 obj _ _ 34 . . PUNCT . _ 7 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **force** | past | the Treaty of Nanjing of 1842 | China | | | | | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent china=Recipient clause=Topic | | 2 | **open** | to-infinitive | China *not said here* | five ports | foreign trade | | | | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent port=Patient to trade=Recipient | | 3 | **give** | to-infinitive | China *not said here* | Hong Kong Island | Britain | | | | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent island=Theme to britain=Recipient | | 4 | **oppose** | past | many British people | the war | | | time | | vn amalgamate-22.2-3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent war=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:057-china-the-qing-and-the-opium-wars.lesson:15`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [China: the Qing and the Opium Wars, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/57-china-the-qing-and-the-opium-wars/14/) - next →: [China: the Qing and the Opium Wars, 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/57-china-the-qing-and-the-opium-wars/17/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/57-china-the-qing-and-the-opium-wars/)