--- title: The Taiping Rebellion, 1850–1864, was led by Hong Xiuquan, who belie… — China: the Qing and the Opium Wars · tree and pragmatics description: The Taiping Rebellion, 1850–1864, was led by Hong Xiuquan, who believed he was the younger brother of Jesus; it was one of the deadliest wars in history, and tens of millions died, mostly from famine and disease. Who acts: Hong, Taiping, Treaty, tens. A sentence of the lesson «China: the Qing and th --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/57-china-the-qing-and-the-opium-wars/17/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / [China: the Qing and the Opium Wars](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/57-china-the-qing-and-the-opium-wars/) / 17 # China: the Qing and the Opium Wars, sentence 17 The Taiping Rebellion, 1850–1864, was led by Hong Xiuquan, who believed he was the younger brother of Jesus; it was one of the deadliest wars in history, and tens of millions died, mostly from famine and disease. **Who acts:** Hong, Taiping, Treaty, tens · **What happens:** lead, believe, be, die · **To what, where:** Taiping, younger brother, one, famine · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «China: the Qing and the Opium Wars» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hong, Taiping, Treaty, tens), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:history:057-china-the-qing-and-the-opium-wars.lesson:17 # text = The Taiping Rebellion, 1850–1864, was led by Hong Xiuquan, who believed he was the younger brother of Jesus; it was one of the deadliest wars in history, and tens of millions died, mostly from famine and disease. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = history # lesson = 057-china-the-qing-and-the-opium-wars.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×3 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 Taiping taiping PROPN NNP Number=Sing 10 nsubj _ _ 3 Rebellion Rebellion PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 appos _ _ 4 , , PUNCT , _ 5 punct _ _ 5 1850 1850 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 3 nmod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=3:appos 6 – - PUNCT , _ 7 punct _ _ 7 1864 1864 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 5 nmod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=5:conj 8 , , PUNCT , _ 2 punct _ _ 9 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 10 aux:pass _ _ 10 led lead VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 11 by by ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 12 Hong Hong PROPN NNP Number=Sing 10 obl:agent _ _ 13 Xiuquan Xiuquan PROPN NNP Number=Sing 12 flat _ _ 14 , , PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ _ 15 who who PRON WP PronType=Rel 16 nsubj _ _ 16 believed believe VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 12 acl:relcl _ _ 17 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 21 nsubj _ _ 18 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 21 cop _ _ 19 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 21 det _ _ 20 younger young ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 21 amod _ _ 21 brother brother NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 ccomp _ _ 22 of of ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 23 Jesus Jesus PROPN NNP Number=Sing 21 nmod _ _ 24 ; ; PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 25 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 27 nsubj _ _ 26 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 27 cop _ _ 27 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 10 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=10:obj 28 of of ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 29 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 31 det _ _ 30 deadliest deadly ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 31 amod _ _ 31 wars war NOUN NNS Number=Plur 27 nmod _ _ 32 in in ADP IN _ 33 case _ _ 33 history history NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 nmod _ _ 34 , , PUNCT , _ 39 punct _ _ 35 and and CCONJ CC _ 39 cc _ _ 36 tens ten NOUN NNS Number=Plur 39 nsubj _ _ 37 of of ADP IN _ 38 case _ _ 38 millions million NOUN NNS Number=Plur 36 nmod _ _ 39 died die VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 10 conj _ _ 40 , , PUNCT , _ 39 punct _ _ 41 mostly mostly ADV RB _ 43 advmod _ _ 42 from from ADP IN _ 43 case _ _ 43 famine famine NOUN NN Number=Sing 39 obl _ _ 44 and and CCONJ CC _ 45 cc _ _ 45 disease disease NOUN NN Number=Sing 43 conj _ _ 46 . . PUNCT . _ 10 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **lead** | past · passive | Hong | the Taiping | | | | | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme | | 2 | **believe** | past | Hong | | | | | | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer | | 3 | **is a** | past | Taiping | the younger brother | | | | of Jesus | tree rules | | 4 | **is a** | past | Treaty | one | | | | of the deadliest wars in history | tree rules | | 5 | **die** | past | tens of millions | | | famine and disease | | | vn die-42.4-1 «NP V PP.cause»: agent=Patient from famine=Causer | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:057-china-the-qing-and-the-opium-wars.lesson:17`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×3. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [China: the Qing and the Opium Wars, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/57-china-the-qing-and-the-opium-wars/15/) - next →: [China: the Qing and the Opium Wars, 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/57-china-the-qing-and-the-opium-wars/18/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/57-china-the-qing-and-the-opium-wars/)