--- title: Empress Dowager Cixi was the most powerful person at the Qing court… — China: the Qing and the Opium Wars · tree and pragmatics description: Empress Dowager Cixi was the most powerful person at the Qing court from 1861 to 1908; navy money was used to rebuild the Summer Palace, where a stone «marble boat» pavilion stands, but how much this weakened the navy is debated. Who acts: Empress Dowager, stone boat pavilion, this. A sentence of th --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/57-china-the-qing-and-the-opium-wars/19/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / [China: the Qing and the Opium Wars](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/57-china-the-qing-and-the-opium-wars/) / 19 # China: the Qing and the Opium Wars, sentence 19 Empress Dowager Cixi was the most powerful person at the Qing court from 1861 to 1908; navy money was used to rebuild the Summer Palace, where a stone «marble boat» pavilion stands, but how much this weakened the navy is debated. **Who acts:** Empress Dowager, stone boat pavilion, this · **What happens:** be, use, rebuild, stand, weaken, debate · **To what, where:** powerful person, Qing court, navy money, Summer Palace, much This is a sentence of the lesson «China: the Qing and the Opium Wars» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Empress Dowager, stone boat pavilion, this), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:history:057-china-the-qing-and-the-opium-wars.lesson:19 # text = Empress Dowager Cixi was the most powerful person at the Qing court from 1861 to 1908; navy money was used to rebuild the Summer Palace, where a stone «marble boat» pavilion stands, but how much this weakened the navy is debated. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = history # lesson = 057-china-the-qing-and-the-opium-wars.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Empress empress NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 compound _ _ 2 Dowager dowager NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 nsubj _ _ 3 Cixi Cixi PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 appos _ _ 4 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 8 cop _ _ 5 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 6 most most ADV RBS Degree=Sup 7 advmod _ _ 7 powerful powerful ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 amod _ _ 8 person person NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 9 at at ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 10 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 11 Qing Qing PROPN NNP Number=Sing 12 compound _ _ 12 court court NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 nmod _ _ 13 from from ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 14 1861 1861 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 12 nmod _ _ 15 to to ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 16 1908 1908 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 14 nmod _ _ 17 ; ; PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 18 navy navy NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 compound _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=19:amod|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos 19 money money NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 nsubj:pass _ _ 20 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 21 aux:pass _ _ 21 used use VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 8 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=8:conj 22 to to PART TO _ 23 mark _ _ 23 rebuild rebuild VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 21 xcomp _ _ 24 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 26 det _ _ 25 Summer summer PROPN NNP Number=Sing 26 compound _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=26:compound|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 26 Palace Palace PROPN NNP Number=Sing 23 obj _ _ 27 , , PUNCT , _ 26 punct _ _ 28 where where ADV WRB PronType=Rel 36 advmod _ _ 29 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 35 det _ _ 30 stone stone NOUN NN Number=Sing 35 compound _ _ 31 « « PUNCT `` _ 33 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=36:punct|HaikuPos=PUNCT:,:_ 32 marble marble ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 33 amod _ _ 33 boat boat NOUN NN Number=Sing 35 compound _ _ 34 » » PUNCT '' _ 33 punct _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=35:compound|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 35 pavilion pavilion NOUN NN Number=Sing 36 nsubj _ _ 36 stands stand VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 26 acl:relcl _ _ 37 , , PUNCT , _ 46 punct _ _ 38 but but CCONJ CC _ 46 cc _ _ 39 how how ADV WRB PronType=Int 40 advmod _ _ 40 much much ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 42 obj _ _ 41 this this PRON DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 42 nsubj _ _ 42 weakened weaken VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 46 csubj:pass _ _ 43 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 44 det _ _ 44 navy navy NOUN NN Number=Sing 42 obj _ _ 45 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 46 aux:pass _ _ 46 debated debate VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 8 conj _ _ 47 . . PUNCT . _ 8 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | past | Empress Dowager | the powerful person | | the Qing court from 1861 to 1908 | | | tree rules | | 2 | **use** | past · passive | | navy money | | | | | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: subject=Theme clause=Eventuality | | 3 | **rebuild** | to-infinitive | | the Summer Palace | | | | | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent palace=Result | | 4 | **stand** | present | a stone boat pavilion | | | | | | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **weaken** | past | this | much | | | | | tree rules | | 6 | **debate** | present · passive | Empress Dowager *not said here* | | | | | | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V» | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:057-china-the-qing-and-the-opium-wars.lesson:19`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [China: the Qing and the Opium Wars, 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/57-china-the-qing-and-the-opium-wars/18/) - next →: [China: the Qing and the Opium Wars, 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/57-china-the-qing-and-the-opium-wars/20/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/57-china-the-qing-and-the-opium-wars/)