---
title: Its emperors Kangxi and Qianlong ruled about sixty years each, and i… — China: the Qing and the Opium Wars · tree and pragmatics
description: Its emperors Kangxi and Qianlong ruled about sixty years each, and in 1793 Qianlong told a British envoy that China already had «all things». Who acts: emperors, Qianlong, China. A sentence of the lesson «China: the Qing and the Opium Wars» of the history course of Mova's primary school with its dep
---

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# China: the Qing and the Opium Wars, sentence 3

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Its emperors Kangxi and Qianlong ruled about sixty years each, and in 1793 Qianlong told a British envoy that China already had «all things».

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** emperors, Qianlong, China · **What happens:** rule, tell, have · **To what, where:** British envoy, 1793, things · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the lesson «China: the Qing and the Opium Wars» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (emperors, Qianlong, China), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:history:057-china-the-qing-and-the-opium-wars.lesson:3
# text = Its emperors Kangxi and Qianlong ruled about sixty years each, and in 1793 Qianlong told a British envoy that China already had «all things».
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = history
# lesson = 057-china-the-qing-and-the-opium-wars.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2
1	Its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	emperors	emperor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
3	Kangxi	Kangxi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=2:conj
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	Qianlong	Qianlong	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	ruled	rule	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	about	about	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	sixty	sixty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
9	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl:unmarked	_	_
10	each	each	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	6	advmod	_	_
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	1793	1793	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	16	obl	_	_
15	Qianlong	Qianlong	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
16	told	tell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	British	British	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	envoy	envoy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
20	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	23	mark	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=23:obj|HaikuPos=PRON:WDT:PronType=Rel
21	China	China	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	nsubj	_	_
22	already	already	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
23	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	ccomp	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=19:acl:relcl
24	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	26	punct	_	_
25	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	26	det	_	_
26	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	obj	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=20:appos
27	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	26	punct	_	_
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rule** | past | northeast's emperors |  |  |  | year | each *property* | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past | Qianlong | a British envoy |  | 1793 |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent envoy=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 3 | **have** | past | China | all things |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:057-china-the-qing-and-the-opium-wars.lesson:3`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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