--- title: Then Britain kept selling opium, a harmful drug, into China; when Ch… — China: the Qing and the Opium Wars · tree and pragmatics description: Then Britain kept selling opium, a harmful drug, into China; when China destroyed the opium in 1839, Britain went to war, won and took Hong Kong. Who acts: Britain, China. A sentence of the lesson «China: the Qing and the Opium Wars» of the history course of Mova's primary school with its dependency --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/57-china-the-qing-and-the-opium-wars/4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / [China: the Qing and the Opium Wars](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/57-china-the-qing-and-the-opium-wars/) / 4 # China: the Qing and the Opium Wars, sentence 4 Then Britain kept selling opium, a harmful drug, into China; when China destroyed the opium in 1839, Britain went to war, won and took Hong Kong. **Who acts:** Britain, China · **What happens:** keep, sell, destroy, go, win, take · **To what, where:** opium, China, 1839, war, Hong This is a sentence of the lesson «China: the Qing and the Opium Wars» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Britain, China), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:history:057-china-the-qing-and-the-opium-wars.lesson:4 # text = Then Britain kept selling opium, a harmful drug, into China; when China destroyed the opium in 1839, Britain went to war, won and took Hong Kong. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = history # lesson = 057-china-the-qing-and-the-opium-wars.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Then then ADV RB PronType=Dem 3 advmod _ _ 2 Britain Britain PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 kept keep VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 23 conj _ _ 4 selling sell VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 3 xcomp _ _ 5 opium opium NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obj _ _ 6 , , PUNCT , _ 9 punct _ _ 7 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 8 harmful harmful ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 amod _ _ 9 drug drug NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 appos _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=5:conj 10 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 11 into into ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 12 China China PROPN NNP Number=Sing 4 obl _ _ 13 ; ; PUNCT : _ 16 punct _ _ 14 when when ADV WRB PronType=Int 16 advmod _ _ 15 China China PROPN NNP Number=Sing 16 nsubj _ _ 16 destroyed destroy VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 17 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 18 opium opium NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 obj _ _ 19 in in ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 20 1839 1839 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 16 obl _ _ 21 , , PUNCT , _ 3 punct _ _ 22 Britain Britain PROPN NNP Number=Sing 23 nsubj _ _ 23 went go VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 24 to to ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 25 war war NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 obl _ _ 26 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 27 won win VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 23 conj _ _ 28 and and CCONJ CC _ 29 cc _ _ 29 took take VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 23 conj _ _ 30 Hong Hong PROPN NNP Number=Sing 29 obj _ _ 31 Kong Kong PROPN NNP Number=Sing 30 flat _ _ 32 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=23:punct ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **keep** | past | Britain | | | | then | | tree rules | | 2 | **sell** | gerund | Britain *not said here* | opium | | China | | | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent opium=Theme | | 3 | **destroy** | past | China | the opium | | 1839 | | | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent opium=Patient | | 4 | **go** | past | Britain | | | war | | | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to war=Initial\_Location | | 5 | **win** | past | Britain *not said here* | | | | | | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 6 | **take** | past | Britain *not said here* | | Hong | | | | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Instrument hong=Destination | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:057-china-the-qing-and-the-opium-wars.lesson:4`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [China: the Qing and the Opium Wars, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/57-china-the-qing-and-the-opium-wars/3/) - next →: [China: the Qing and the Opium Wars, 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/57-china-the-qing-and-the-opium-wars/5/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/57-china-the-qing-and-the-opium-wars/)