--- title: The century was also full of change: a huge civil war, a powerful em… — China: the Qing and the Opium Wars · tree and pragmatics description: The century was also full of change: a huge civil war, a powerful empress dowager, a lost war with Japan, the Boxer uprising, and finally a two-year-old boy, Puyi, who became the last emperor and ended his life working in a botanical garden. Who acts: century, old boy. A sentence of the lesson «Chin --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/57-china-the-qing-and-the-opium-wars/8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / [China: the Qing and the Opium Wars](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/57-china-the-qing-and-the-opium-wars/) / 8 # China: the Qing and the Opium Wars, sentence 8 The century was also full of change: a huge civil war, a powerful empress dowager, a lost war with Japan, the Boxer uprising, and finally a two-year-old boy, Puyi, who became the last emperor and ended his life working in a botanical garden. **Who acts:** century, old boy · **What happens:** be, lose, become, end, work · **To what, where:** last emperor, life This is a sentence of the lesson «China: the Qing and the Opium Wars» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (century, old boy), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:history:057-china-the-qing-and-the-opium-wars.lesson:8 # text = The century was also full of change: a huge civil war, a powerful empress dowager, a lost war with Japan, the Boxer uprising, and finally a two-year-old boy, Puyi, who became the last emperor and ended his life working in a botanical garden. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = history # lesson = 057-china-the-qing-and-the-opium-wars.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×3, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 century century NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ _ 3 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 5 cop _ _ 4 also also ADV RB _ 5 advmod _ _ 5 full full ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 0 root _ _ 6 of of ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 7 change change NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 obl _ _ 8 : : PUNCT : _ 12 punct _ _ 9 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 10 huge huge ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 12 amod _ _ 11 civil civil ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 12 amod _ _ 12 war war NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 nmod _ _ 13 , , PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _ 14 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 17 det _ _ 15 powerful powerful ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 17 amod _ _ 16 empress empress NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 compound _ _ 17 dowager dowager NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 conj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=12:appos 18 , , PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 19 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 21 det _ _ 20 lost lose VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 21 amod _ _ 21 war war NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 nmod _ _ 22 with with ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 23 Japan Japan PROPN NNP Number=Sing 21 nmod _ _ 24 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 25 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 27 det _ _ 26 Boxer boxer PROPN NNP Number=Sing 27 compound _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=27:compound|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 27 uprising uprising NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 conj _ _ 28 , , PUNCT , _ 37 punct _ _ 29 and and CCONJ CC _ 37 cc _ _ 30 finally finally ADV RB _ 37 advmod _ _ 31 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 37 det _ _ 32 two two NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 34 nummod _ _ 33 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 32 punct _ _ 34 year year NOUN NN Number=Sing 36 obl:unmarked _ _ 35 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 34 punct _ _ 36 old old ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 37 amod _ _ 37 boy boy NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 conj _ _ 38 , , PUNCT , _ 39 punct _ _ 39 Puyi Puyi PROPN NNP Number=Sing 37 appos _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=7:nmod 40 , , PUNCT , _ 42 punct _ _ 41 who who PRON WP PronType=Rel 42 nsubj _ _ 42 became become VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 37 acl:relcl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=7:parataxis 43 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 45 det _ _ 44 last last ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 45 amod _ _ 45 emperor emperor NOUN NN Number=Sing 42 xcomp _ _ 46 and and CCONJ CC _ 47 cc _ _ 47 ended end VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 42 conj _ _ 48 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 49 nmod:poss _ _ 49 life life NOUN NN Number=Sing 47 obj _ _ 50 working work VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 47 advcl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=47:xcomp 51 in in ADP IN _ 54 case _ _ 52 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 54 det _ _ 53 botanical botanical ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 54 amod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=54:compound|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 54 garden garden NOUN NN Number=Sing 50 obl _ _ 55 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=7:punct ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | past | the century | | | | | of change a huge civil war and a powerful empress dowager a lost war with Japan and the Boxer uprising and a old boy; full *property* | tree rules | | 2 | **lose** | participle | | | | | | | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **become** | past | a old boy | the last emperor | | | | | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | | 4 | **end** | past | a old boy *not said here* | Puyi's life | | | | | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality life=Eventuality | | 5 | **work** | gerund | a old boy *not said here* | | | | | in a botanical garden | vn employment-95.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent in garden=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:057-china-the-qing-and-the-opium-wars.lesson:8`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×3, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [China: the Qing and the Opium Wars, 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/57-china-the-qing-and-the-opium-wars/7/) - next →: [China: the Qing and the Opium Wars, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/57-china-the-qing-and-the-opium-wars/9/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/57-china-the-qing-and-the-opium-wars/)