--- title: The Qing dynasty, 1644–1912, was founded by the Manchus from the nor… — China: the Qing and the Opium Wars · tree and pragmatics description: The Qing dynasty, 1644–1912, was founded by the Manchus from the northeast; it ruled through Chinese institutions, kept Manchu customs and made men wear the queue, a shaved forehead with a long braid. Who acts: Manchus, dynasty, men. A sentence of the lesson «China: the Qing and the Opium Wars» of t --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/57-china-the-qing-and-the-opium-wars/9/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / [China: the Qing and the Opium Wars](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/57-china-the-qing-and-the-opium-wars/) / 9 # China: the Qing and the Opium Wars, sentence 9 The Qing dynasty, 1644–1912, was founded by the Manchus from the northeast; it ruled through Chinese institutions, kept Manchu customs and made men wear the queue, a shaved forehead with a long braid. **Who acts:** Manchus, dynasty, men · **What happens:** found, rule, keep, make, wear, shave · **To what, where:** Qing dynasty, northeast, Chinese institutions, Manchu customs, queue This is a sentence of the lesson «China: the Qing and the Opium Wars» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Manchus, dynasty, men), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:history:057-china-the-qing-and-the-opium-wars.lesson:9 # text = The Qing dynasty, 1644–1912, was founded by the Manchus from the northeast; it ruled through Chinese institutions, kept Manchu customs and made men wear the queue, a shaved forehead with a long braid. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = history # lesson = 057-china-the-qing-and-the-opium-wars.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 2 Qing Qing PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 compound _ _ 3 dynasty dynasty NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 nsubj:pass _ _ 4 , , PUNCT , _ 5 punct _ _ 5 1644 1644 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 3 nmod _ _ 6 – – SYM SYM ExtPos=ADP 7 case _ _ 7 1912 1912 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 5 nmod _ _ 8 , , PUNCT , _ 3 punct _ _ 9 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 10 aux:pass _ _ 10 founded found VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 11 by by ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 12 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 13 Manchus Manchus PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 10 obl:agent _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=10:obl:agent|HaikuPos=PROPN:NNP:Number=Sing 14 from from ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 15 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 16 det _ _ 16 northeast northeast NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 obl _ _ 17 ; ; PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 18 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 19 nsubj _ _ 19 ruled rule VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 10 parataxis _ _ 20 through through ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 21 Chinese Chinese ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 22 amod _ _ 22 institutions institution NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 obl _ _ 23 , , PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 24 kept keep VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 19 conj _ _ 25 Manchu manchu PROPN NNP Number=Sing 26 compound _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=26:compound|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 26 customs custom NOUN NNS Number=Plur 24 obj _ _ 27 and and CCONJ CC _ 28 cc _ _ 28 made make VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 19 conj _ Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=24:conj 29 men man NOUN NNS Number=Plur 30 nsubj _ _ 30 wear wear VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 28 xcomp _ _ 31 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 32 det _ _ 32 queue queue NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 obj _ _ 33 , , PUNCT , _ 36 punct _ _ 34 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 36 det _ _ 35 shaved shave VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 36 amod _ _ 36 forehead forehead NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 appos _ _ 37 with with ADP IN _ 40 case _ _ 38 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 40 det _ _ 39 long long ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 40 amod _ _ 40 braid braid NOUN NN Number=Sing 36 nmod _ _ 41 . . PUNCT . _ 10 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **found** | past · passive | the Manchus | the Qing dynasty 1644 – 1912 | | the northeast | | | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient | | 2 | **rule** | past | dynasty | | | Chinese institutions | | | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **keep** | past | dynasty *not said here* | Manchu customs | | | | | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent custom=Theme | | 4 | **make** | past | dynasty *not said here* | | | | | | tree rules | | 5 | **wear** | infinitive | men | the queue | | | | | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent queue=Source | | 6 | **shave** | participle | | | | | | | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:057-china-the-qing-and-the-opium-wars.lesson:9`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [China: the Qing and the Opium Wars, 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/57-china-the-qing-and-the-opium-wars/8/) - next →: [China: the Qing and the Opium Wars, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/57-china-the-qing-and-the-opium-wars/10/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/57-china-the-qing-and-the-opium-wars/)