---
title: Japan occupied Manchuria in 1931 and began full war on China in 1937… — China: 1911, 1949 and Mao · tree and pragmatics
description: Japan occupied Manchuria in 1931 and began full war on China in 1937; millions of Chinese died before Japan's defeat in 1945. Who acts: Japan, millions. A sentence of the lesson «China: 1911, 1949 and Mao» of the history course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of 
---

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# China: 1911, 1949 and Mao, sentence 15

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Japan occupied Manchuria in 1931 and began full war on China in 1937; millions of Chinese died before Japan's defeat in 1945.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Japan, millions · **What happens:** occupy, begin, die, defeat · **To what, where:** Manchuria, 1931, full war, China

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This is a sentence of the lesson «China: 1911, 1949 and Mao» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Japan, millions), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:history:058-china-1911-1949-and-mao.lesson:15
# text = Japan occupied Manchuria in 1931 and began full war on China in 1937; millions of Chinese died before Japan's defeat in 1945.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = history
# lesson = 058-china-1911-1949-and-mao.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	Japan	Japan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	occupied	occupy	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	Manchuria	Manchuria	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	1931	1931	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	obl	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
8	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	on	on	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	China	China	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	1937	1937	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	obl	_	_
14	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
15	millions	million	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nsubj	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	Chinese	Chinese	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	nmod	_	_
18	died	die	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
19	before	before	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
20	Japan	Japan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	nmod:poss	_	_
21	's	's	PART	POS	_	20	case	_	_
22	defeat	defeat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
23	in	in	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	1945	1945	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	18	obl	_	_
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed polarity=none

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **occupy** | past | Japan | Manchuria |  | 1931 |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus manchuria=Experiencer |
| 2 | **begin** | past | Japan *not said here* | full war |  | China |  | in 1937 | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent war=Eventuality |
| 3 | **die** | past | millions of Chinese |  |  |  | before Japan's defeat | in 1945 | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.patient V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in 1945=Attribute |
| 4 | **defeat** |  | Japan |  |  |  |  |  | nom defeat «event transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:058-china-1911-1949-and-mao.lesson:15`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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