--- title: Mandarin has the most native speakers in the world; English has the… — China: Mei's exaggerations and everyday China · tree and pragmatics description: Mandarin has the most native speakers in the world; English has the most speakers in total when second-language learners are counted. Who acts: Mandarin, English. A sentence of the lesson «China: Mei's exaggerations and everyday China» of the history course of Mova's primary school with its dependen --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/60-china-mei-s-exaggerations-and-everyday-china/17/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / [China: Mei's exaggerations and everyda…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/60-china-mei-s-exaggerations-and-everyday-china/) / 17 # China: Mei's exaggerations and everyday China, sentence 17 Mandarin has the most native speakers in the world; English has the most speakers in total when second-language learners are counted. **Who acts:** Mandarin, English · **What happens:** have, count · **To what, where:** native speakers, world, most speakers, total, language learners This is a sentence of the lesson «China: Mei's exaggerations and everyday China» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Mandarin, English), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:history:060-china-mei-s-exaggerations-and-everyday-china.lesson:17 # text = Mandarin has the most native speakers in the world; English has the most speakers in total when second-language learners are counted. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = history # lesson = 060-china-mei-s-exaggerations-and-everyday-china.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2 1 Mandarin Mandarin PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ _ 2 has have VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 4 most most ADV RBS Degree=Sup 5 advmod _ _ 5 native native ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 amod _ _ 6 speakers speaker NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 obj _ _ 7 in in ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 8 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 9 world world NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 nmod _ _ 10 ; ; PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 11 English English PROPN NNP Number=Sing 12 nsubj _ _ 12 has have VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=2:conj 13 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 15 det _ _ 14 most most ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 15 amod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=15:advmod|HaikuPos=ADV:RBS:Degree=Sup 15 speakers speaker NOUN NNS Number=Plur 12 obj _ _ 16 in in ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 17 total total ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 15 nmod _ _ 18 when when ADV WRB PronType=Int 24 advmod _ _ 19 second second ADJ JJ Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord 21 amod _ _ 20 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 19 punct _ _ 21 language language NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 compound _ _ 22 learners learner NOUN NNS Number=Plur 24 nsubj:pass _ _ 23 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 24 aux:pass _ _ 24 counted count VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 12 advcl _ _ 25 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **have** | present | Mandarin | the native speakers | | the world | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent speaker=Patient | | 2 | **have** | present | English | the most speakers | | total | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent speaker=Patient | | 3 | **count** | present · passive | | language learners | | | | | vn multiply-108 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:060-china-mei-s-exaggerations-and-everyday-china.lesson:17`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [China: Mei's exaggerations and everyda…, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/60-china-mei-s-exaggerations-and-everyday-china/15/) - next →: [China: Mei's exaggerations and everyda…, 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/60-china-mei-s-exaggerations-and-everyday-china/18/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/60-china-mei-s-exaggerations-and-everyday-china/)