--- title: Farming began separately in several places: wheat in the Middle East… — How we got here: the big steps on one long timel… · tree and pragmatics description: Farming began separately in several places: wheat in the Middle East, rice in China, maize in Mexico, potatoes in the Andes, bananas and taro in New Guinea, sorghum in Africa. Who acts: Farming. A sentence of the lesson «How we got here: the big steps on one long timeline» of the history course of M --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/61-how-we-got-here-the-big-steps-on-one-long-timeline/18/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / [How we got here: the big steps on one…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/61-how-we-got-here-the-big-steps-on-one-long-timeline/) / 18 # How we got here: the big steps on one long timeline, sentence 18 Farming began separately in several places: wheat in the Middle East, rice in China, maize in Mexico, potatoes in the Andes, bananas and taro in New Guinea, sorghum in Africa. **Who acts:** Farming · **What happens:** begin · **To what, where:** several places This is a sentence of the lesson «How we got here: the big steps on one long timeline» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Farming), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:history:061-how-we-got-here-the-big-steps-on-one-long-timeline.lesson:18 # text = Farming began separately in several places: wheat in the Middle East, rice in China, maize in Mexico, potatoes in the Andes, bananas and taro in New Guinea, sorghum in Africa. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = history # lesson = 061-how-we-got-here-the-big-steps-on-one-long-timeline.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Farming farming NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ _ 2 began begin VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 separately separately ADV RB _ 2 advmod _ _ 4 in in ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 5 several several ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 amod _ _ 6 places place NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 obl _ _ 7 : : PUNCT : _ 8 punct _ _ 8 wheat wheat NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 conj _ _ 9 in in ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 10 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 11 Middle Middle PROPN NNP _ 12 compound _ _ 12 East East PROPN NNP Number=Sing 8 nmod _ _ 13 , , PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 14 rice rice NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 conj _ _ 15 in in ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 16 China China PROPN NNP Number=Sing 14 nmod _ _ 17 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 18 maize maize NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=14:appos 19 in in ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 20 Mexico Mexico PROPN NNP Number=Sing 18 nmod _ _ 21 , , PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 22 potatoes potato NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 conj _ _ 23 in in ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 24 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 25 det _ _ 25 Andes Andes PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 22 nmod _ _ 26 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 27 bananas banana NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 conj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=8:appos 28 and and CCONJ CC _ 29 cc _ _ 29 taro taro NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 conj _ _ 30 in in ADP IN _ 32 case _ _ 31 New New PROPN NNP _ 32 compound _ _ 32 Guinea Guinea PROPN NNP Number=Sing 29 nmod _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=29:nmod|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 33 , , PUNCT , _ 34 punct _ _ 34 sorghum sorghum NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=27:conj 35 in in ADP IN _ 36 case _ _ 36 Africa Africa PROPN NNP Number=Sing 34 nmod _ _ 37 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **begin** | past | Farming | | | several places and wheat in the Middle East and rice in China and maize in Mexico and potatoes in the Andes and bananas and taro in New Guinea and sorghum in Africa | | separately *property* | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:061-how-we-got-here-the-big-steps-on-one-long-timeline.lesson:18`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [How we got here: the big steps on one…, 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/61-how-we-got-here-the-big-steps-on-one-long-timeline/17/) - next →: [How we got here: the big steps on one…, 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/61-how-we-got-here-the-big-steps-on-one-long-timeline/19/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/61-how-we-got-here-the-big-steps-on-one-long-timeline/)