---
title: Wheeled carts appeared about 5,500 years ago, in the Middle East and… — Everyday inventions: pots, boats, wheels, horses… · tree and pragmatics
description: Wheeled carts appeared about 5,500 years ago, in the Middle East and on the steppes of Eastern Europe, long after farming and pottery. Who acts: Wheeled carts. A sentence of the lesson «Everyday inventions: pots, boats, wheels, horses, clocks and glasses» of the history course of Mova's primary scho
---

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# Everyday inventions: pots, boats, wheels, horses, clocks and glasses, sentence 10

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Wheeled carts appeared about 5,500 years ago, in the Middle East and on the steppes of Eastern Europe, long after farming and pottery.

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**Who acts:** Wheeled carts · **What happens:** wheel, appear, farm · **To what, where:** Middle East

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Everyday inventions: pots, boats, wheels, horses, clocks and glasses» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Wheeled carts), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:history:062-everyday-inventions-pots-boats-wheels-horses-clocks-and-glasses.lesson:10
# text = Wheeled carts appeared about 5,500 years ago, in the Middle East and on the steppes of Eastern Europe, long after farming and pottery.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = history
# lesson = 062-everyday-inventions-pots-boats-wheels-horses-clocks-and-glasses.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1
1	Wheeled	wheel	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	amod	_	_
2	carts	cart	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	appeared	appear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	about	about	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	5,500	5,500	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl:unmarked	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=3:obl:unmarked
7	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=6:advmod
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	Middle	Middle	PROPN	NNP	_	12	compound	_	_
12	East	East	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
14	on	on	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	steppes	steppe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	Eastern	eastern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=19:compound|HaikuPos=PROPN:NNP:_
19	Europe	Europe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	_
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
21	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	23	advmod	_	_
22	after	after	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	farming	farm	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	obl	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
25	pottery	pottery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	conj	_	_
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wheel** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn drive-11.5 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **appear** | past | Wheeled carts |  |  | the Middle East |  | ago *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in east=Location |
| 3 | **farm** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | long *property* | vn rear-26.2.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:062-everyday-inventions-pots-boats-wheels-horses-clocks-and-glasses.lesson:10`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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