--- title: About 1,500 years ago, many people in the Middle East and North Afri… — Everyday inventions: pots, boats, wheels, horses… · tree and pragmatics description: About 1,500 years ago, many people in the Middle East and North Africa stopped using carts and moved goods by camel, because camels were cheaper and needed no roads. Who acts: many people, camels. A sentence of the lesson «Everyday inventions: pots, boats, wheels, horses, clocks and glasses» of the --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/62-everyday-inventions-pots-boats-wheels-horses-clocks-and-glasses/12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / [Everyday inventions: pots, boats, whee…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/62-everyday-inventions-pots-boats-wheels-horses-clocks-and-glasses/) / 12 # Everyday inventions: pots, boats, wheels, horses, clocks and glasses, sentence 12 About 1,500 years ago, many people in the Middle East and North Africa stopped using carts and moved goods by camel, because camels were cheaper and needed no roads. **Who acts:** many people, camels · **What happens:** stop, use, move, be, need · **To what, where:** carts, goods, roads This is a sentence of the lesson «Everyday inventions: pots, boats, wheels, horses, clocks and glasses» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (many people, camels), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:history:062-everyday-inventions-pots-boats-wheels-horses-clocks-and-glasses.lesson:12 # text = About 1,500 years ago, many people in the Middle East and North Africa stopped using carts and moved goods by camel, because camels were cheaper and needed no roads. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = history # lesson = 062-everyday-inventions-pots-boats-wheels-horses-clocks-and-glasses.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 About about ADV RB _ 2 advmod _ _ 2 1,500 1,500 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 3 nummod _ _ 3 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obl:unmarked _ _ 4 ago ago ADV RB _ 15 advmod _ _ 5 , , PUNCT , _ 4 punct _ _ 6 many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 amod _ _ 7 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 15 nsubj _ _ 8 in in ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 9 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 10 Middle Middle PROPN NNP _ 11 compound _ _ 11 East East PROPN NNP Number=Sing 7 nmod _ _ 12 and and CCONJ CC _ 14 cc _ _ 13 North North PROPN NNP Number=Sing 14 compound _ _ 14 Africa Africa PROPN NNP Number=Sing 11 conj _ _ 15 stopped stop VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 16 using use VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 15 xcomp _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=15:advcl 17 carts cart NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 obj _ _ 18 and and CCONJ CC _ 19 cc _ _ 19 moved move VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 15 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=16:conj 20 goods goods NOUN NNS Number=Ptan 19 obj _ _ 21 by by ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 22 camel camel NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 obl _ _ 23 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 24 because because SCONJ IN _ 27 mark _ _ 25 camels camel NOUN NNS Number=Plur 27 nsubj _ _ 26 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 27 cop _ _ 27 cheaper cheap ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 15 advcl _ _ 28 and and CCONJ CC _ 29 cc _ _ 29 needed need VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 27 conj _ _ 30 no no DET DT PronType=Neg 31 det _ _ 31 roads road NOUN NNS Number=Plur 29 obj _ _ 32 . . PUNCT . _ 15 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **stop** | past | many people in the Middle East and North Africa | | | | | ago *property* | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality | | 2 | **use** | gerund | many people in the Middle East and North Africa *not said here* | carts | | | | | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cart=Patient | | 3 | **move** | past | many people in the Middle East and North Africa *not said here* | goods | | | | by camel | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent goods=Theme | | 4 | **is** | past | camels | | | | | cheap *property* | tree rules | | 5 | **need** | past | camels *not said here* | no roads | | | | | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot road=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:062-everyday-inventions-pots-boats-wheels-horses-clocks-and-glasses.lesson:12`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Everyday inventions: pots, boats, whee…, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/62-everyday-inventions-pots-boats-wheels-horses-clocks-and-glasses/11/) - next →: [Everyday inventions: pots, boats, whee…, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/62-everyday-inventions-pots-boats-wheels-horses-clocks-and-glasses/13/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/62-everyday-inventions-pots-boats-wheels-horses-clocks-and-glasses/)