--- title: About 2,500 years ago the Persian Royal Road had rest stations where… — Everyday inventions: pots, boats, wheels, horses… · tree and pragmatics description: About 2,500 years ago the Persian Royal Road had rest stations where fresh riders and horses carried messages in relays; the Inca later built about 40,000 km of roads with runners. Who acts: Persian Royal Road, fresh riders, Inca. A sentence of the lesson «Everyday inventions: pots, boats, wheels, h --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/62-everyday-inventions-pots-boats-wheels-horses-clocks-and-glasses/16/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / [Everyday inventions: pots, boats, whee…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/62-everyday-inventions-pots-boats-wheels-horses-clocks-and-glasses/) / 16 # Everyday inventions: pots, boats, wheels, horses, clocks and glasses, sentence 16 About 2,500 years ago the Persian Royal Road had rest stations where fresh riders and horses carried messages in relays; the Inca later built about 40,000 km of roads with runners. **Who acts:** Persian Royal Road, fresh riders, Inca · **What happens:** have, carry, build · **To what, where:** rest stations, messages, relays, 40,000 km This is a sentence of the lesson «Everyday inventions: pots, boats, wheels, horses, clocks and glasses» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Persian Royal Road, fresh riders, Inca), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:history:062-everyday-inventions-pots-boats-wheels-horses-clocks-and-glasses.lesson:16 # text = About 2,500 years ago the Persian Royal Road had rest stations where fresh riders and horses carried messages in relays; the Inca later built about 40,000 km of roads with runners. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = history # lesson = 062-everyday-inventions-pots-boats-wheels-horses-clocks-and-glasses.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×3 1 About about ADV RB _ 2 advmod _ _ 2 2,500 2500 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 3 nummod _ _ 3 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obl:unmarked _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=9:obl:unmarked 4 ago ago ADV RB _ 9 advmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=3:advmod 5 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 6 Persian Persian PROPN NNP Number=Sing 8 compound _ _ 7 Royal Royal PROPN NNP Number=Sing 8 compound _ _ 8 Road Road PROPN NNP Number=Sing 9 nsubj _ _ 9 had have VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 10 rest rest NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 compound _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=11:amod|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos 11 stations station NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 obj _ _ 12 where where ADV WRB PronType=Rel 17 advmod _ _ 13 fresh fresh ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 14 amod _ _ 14 riders rider NOUN NNS Number=Plur 17 nsubj _ _ 15 and and CCONJ CC _ 16 cc _ _ 16 horses horse NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 conj _ _ 17 carried carry VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 11 acl:relcl _ _ 18 messages message NOUN NNS Number=Plur 17 obj _ _ 19 in in ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 20 relays relay NOUN NNS Number=Plur 17 obl _ _ 21 ; ; PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 22 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 23 det _ _ 23 Inca Inca PROPN NNP Number=Sing 25 nsubj _ _ 24 later late ADV RBR Degree=Cmp 25 advmod _ _ 25 built build VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 9 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=9:conj 26 about about ADV RB _ 27 advmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=28:case|HaikuPos=ADP:IN:_ 27 40,000 40000 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 28 nummod _ _ 28 km km NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 obj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=25:obl 29 of of ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 30 roads road NOUN NNS Number=Plur 28 nmod _ _ 31 with with ADP IN _ 32 case _ _ 32 runners runner NOUN NNS Number=Plur 30 nmod _ _ 33 . . PUNCT . _ 9 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **have** | past | the Persian Royal Road | rest stations | | | | ago *property* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent station=Patient | | 2 | **carry** | past | fresh riders and horses | messages | | relays | | | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent message=Value in relay=Location | | 3 | **build** | past | the Inca | 40,000 km of roads with runners | | | | late *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent km=Product | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:062-everyday-inventions-pots-boats-wheels-horses-clocks-and-glasses.lesson:16`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×3. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Everyday inventions: pots, boats, whee…, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/62-everyday-inventions-pots-boats-wheels-horses-clocks-and-glasses/15/) - next →: [Everyday inventions: pots, boats, whee…, 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/62-everyday-inventions-pots-boats-wheels-horses-clocks-and-glasses/17/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/62-everyday-inventions-pots-boats-wheels-horses-clocks-and-glasses/)