---
title: Jack's friend says writing was invented in one place and everyone co… — Writing, laws and money: how strangers learned t… · tree and pragmatics
description: Jack's friend says writing was invented in one place and everyone copied the ABC. Who acts: friend, everyone. A sentence of the lesson «Writing, laws and money: how strangers learned to trust each other» of the history course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of ev
---

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# Writing, laws and money: how strangers learned to trust each other, sentence 0

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Jack's friend says writing was invented in one place and everyone copied the ABC.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** friend, everyone · **What happens:** say, invent, copy · **To what, where:** writing, one place, ABC · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Writing, laws and money: how strangers learned to trust each other» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (friend, everyone), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:history:063-writing-laws-and-money-how-strangers-learned-to-trust-each-other.lesson:0
# text = Jack's friend says writing was invented in one place and everyone copied the ABC.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = history
# lesson = 063-writing-laws-and-money-how-strangers-learned-to-trust-each-other.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1
1	Jack	Jack	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	writing	write	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	invented	invent	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	ccomp	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
10	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	everyone	everyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	13	nsubj	_	_
13	copied	copy	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	ABC	ABC	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=13:obj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Jack's friend |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **invent** | past · passive |  | writing |  | one place |  |  | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Result |
| 3 | **copy** | past | everyone | the ABC |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent abc=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:063-writing-laws-and-money-how-strangers-learned-to-trust-each-other.lesson:0`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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- ← previous: [Everyday inventions: pots, boats, whee…, 23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/62-everyday-inventions-pots-boats-wheels-horses-clocks-and-glasses/23/)
- next →: [Writing, laws and money: how strangers…, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/63-writing-laws-and-money-how-strangers-learned-to-trust-each-other/1/)
- ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/63-writing-laws-and-money-how-strangers-learned-to-trust-each-other/)