--- title: In 1856 the Australian colonies of Victoria and South Australia bega… — Who decides: kings, councils, republics and demo… · tree and pragmatics description: In 1856 the Australian colonies of Victoria and South Australia began using secret printed ballots, so voters could not be bullied or bribed; many countries copied this «Australian ballot». Who acts: Australian colonies, many countries. A sentence of the lesson «Who decides: kings, councils, republi --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/67-who-decides-kings-councils-republics-and-democracies/18/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / [Who decides: kings, councils, republic…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/67-who-decides-kings-councils-republics-and-democracies/) / 18 # Who decides: kings, councils, republics and democracies, sentence 18 In 1856 the Australian colonies of Victoria and South Australia began using secret printed ballots, so voters could not be bullied or bribed; many countries copied this «Australian ballot». **Who acts:** Australian colonies, many countries · **What happens:** begin, use, print, not bully, bribe, copy · **To what, where:** 1856, secret printed ballots, voters, Australian ballot This is a sentence of the lesson «Who decides: kings, councils, republics and democracies» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Australian colonies, many countries), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:history:067-who-decides-kings-councils-republics-and-democracies.lesson:18 # text = In 1856 the Australian colonies of Victoria and South Australia began using secret printed ballots, so voters could not be bullied or bribed; many countries copied this «Australian ballot». # source = school lesson (ours) # course = history # lesson = 067-who-decides-kings-councils-republics-and-democracies.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R6-punct-agree ×1 1 In in ADP IN _ 2 case _ _ 2 1856 1856 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 11 obl _ _ 3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 4 Australian Australian ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 amod _ _ 5 colonies colony NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 nsubj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=2:nmod 6 of of ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 7 Victoria Victoria PROPN NNP Number=Sing 5 nmod _ _ 8 and and CCONJ CC _ 10 cc _ _ 9 South South PROPN NNP Number=Sing 10 compound _ _ 10 Australia Australia PROPN NNP Number=Sing 7 conj _ _ 11 began begin VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 12 using use VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 11 xcomp _ _ 13 secret secret ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 15 amod _ _ 14 printed print VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 15 amod _ _ 15 ballots ballot NOUN NNS Number=Plur 12 obj _ _ 16 , , PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 17 so so SCONJ IN _ 22 mark _ _ 18 voters voter NOUN NNS Number=Plur 22 nsubj:pass _ _ 19 could could AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 22 aux _ _ 20 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 22 advmod _ _ 21 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 22 aux:pass _ _ 22 bullied bully VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 12 advcl _ _ 23 or or CCONJ CC _ 24 cc _ _ 24 bribed bribe VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 22 conj _ _ 25 ; ; PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 26 many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 27 amod _ _ 27 countries country NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 parataxis _ _ 28 copied copy VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 27 acl _ _ 29 this this DET DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 32 det _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=28:obj|HaikuPos=PRON:DT:Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 30 « « PUNCT `` _ 32 punct _ _ 31 Australian Australian ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 32 amod _ _ 32 ballot ballot NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 obj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=29:appos 33 » » PUNCT '' _ 32 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=28:punct 34 . . PUNCT . _ 11 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **begin** | past | the Australian colonies of Victoria and South Australia | | | 1856 | | | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | | 2 | **use** | gerund | the Australian colonies of Victoria and South Australia *not said here* | secret printed ballots | | | | | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ballot=Patient | | 3 | **print** | participle | | | | | | | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **not** **bully** | could · passive | | voters | | | | | vn captain-29.8-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Beneficiary | | 5 | **bribe** | participle | | | | | | | vn compel-59.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 6 | **copy** | past | many countries *not said here* | this Australian ballot | | | | | vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ballot=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:067-who-decides-kings-councils-republics-and-democracies.lesson:18`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R6-punct-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Who decides: kings, councils, republic…, 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/67-who-decides-kings-councils-republics-and-democracies/16/) - next →: [Who decides: kings, councils, republic…, 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/67-who-decides-kings-councils-republics-and-democracies/19/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/67-who-decides-kings-councils-republics-and-democracies/)