--- title: Ethan says the US has the oldest constitution in the world, and his… — Who decides: kings, councils, republics and demo… · tree and pragmatics description: Ethan says the US has the oldest constitution in the world, and his friend asks «no cap?», meaning «no lie?». Who acts: Ethan, US, friend. A sentence of the lesson «Who decides: kings, councils, republics and democracies» of the history course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and th --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/67-who-decides-kings-councils-republics-and-democracies/2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / [Who decides: kings, councils, republic…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/67-who-decides-kings-councils-republics-and-democracies/) / 2 # Who decides: kings, councils, republics and democracies, sentence 2 Ethan says the US has the oldest constitution in the world, and his friend asks «no cap?», meaning «no lie?». **Who acts:** Ethan, US, friend · **What happens:** say, have, ask, mean · **To what, where:** oldest constitution, world, cap, lie · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Who decides: kings, councils, republics and democracies» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ethan, US, friend), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:history:067-who-decides-kings-councils-republics-and-democracies.lesson:2 # text = Ethan says the US has the oldest constitution in the world, and his friend asks «no cap?», meaning «no lie?». # source = school lesson (ours) # course = history # lesson = 067-who-decides-kings-councils-republics-and-democracies.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Ethan Ethan PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ _ 2 says say VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 4 US US PROPN NNP Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ _ 5 has have VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 ccomp _ _ 6 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 7 oldest old ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 8 amod _ _ 8 constitution constitution NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 obj _ _ 9 in in ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 10 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 11 world world NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 nmod _ _ 12 , , PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ _ 13 and and CCONJ CC _ 16 cc _ _ 14 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 15 nmod:poss _ _ 15 friend friend NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 nsubj _ _ 16 asks ask VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ _ 17 « « PUNCT `` _ 19 punct _ _ 18 no no DET DT PronType=Neg 19 det _ _ 19 cap cap NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 obj _ _ 20 ? ? PUNCT . _ 19 punct _ _ 21 » » PUNCT '' _ 19 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=16:punct 22 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 23 meaning mean VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 16 advcl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=16:conj 24 « « PUNCT `` _ 26 punct _ _ 25 no no DET DT PronType=Neg 26 det _ _ 26 lie lie NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 obj _ _ 27 ? ? PUNCT . _ 26 punct _ _ 28 » » PUNCT '' _ 26 punct _ _ 29 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Ethan | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 2 | **have** | present | the US | the oldest constitution | | the world | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent constitution=Patient | | 3 | **ask** *speech: ask* | present | Ethan's friend | no cap | | | | | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent cap=Recipient | | 4 | **mean** | gerund | Ethan's friend *not said here* | no lie | | | | | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lie=Topic | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:067-who-decides-kings-councils-republics-and-democracies.lesson:2`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Who decides: kings, councils, republic…, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/67-who-decides-kings-councils-republics-and-democracies/1/) - next →: [Who decides: kings, councils, republic…, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/67-who-decides-kings-councils-republics-and-democracies/3/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/67-who-decides-kings-councils-republics-and-democracies/)