--- title: George Washington stepped down after eight years as president, and t… — Who decides: kings, councils, republics and demo… · tree and pragmatics description: George Washington stepped down after eight years as president, and that peaceful handover became a strong example, because for most of history rulers refused to give up power. Who acts: George, peaceful handover, rulers. A sentence of the lesson «Who decides: kings, councils, republics and democraci --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/67-who-decides-kings-councils-republics-and-democracies/9/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / [Who decides: kings, councils, republic…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/67-who-decides-kings-councils-republics-and-democracies/) / 9 # Who decides: kings, councils, republics and democracies, sentence 9 George Washington stepped down after eight years as president, and that peaceful handover became a strong example, because for most of history rulers refused to give up power. **Who acts:** George, peaceful handover, rulers · **What happens:** step down, become, refuse, not give up · **To what, where:** strong example, power This is a sentence of the lesson «Who decides: kings, councils, republics and democracies» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (George, peaceful handover, rulers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:history:067-who-decides-kings-councils-republics-and-democracies.lesson:9 # text = George Washington stepped down after eight years as president, and that peaceful handover became a strong example, because for most of history rulers refused to give up power. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = history # lesson = 067-who-decides-kings-councils-republics-and-democracies.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 George George PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 2 Washington Washington PROPN NNP Number=Sing 1 flat _ _ 3 stepped step VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 down down ADP RP _ 3 compound:prt _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=3:advmod|HaikuPos=ADV:RB:_ 5 after after ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 eight eight NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 7 nummod _ _ 7 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obl _ _ 8 as as ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 9 president president NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 nmod _ _ 10 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 11 and and CCONJ CC _ 15 cc _ Agree=R1-cc-next|Haiku=3:cc 12 that that DET DT PronType=Dem 14 det _ _ 13 peaceful peaceful ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 14 amod _ _ 14 handover handover NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 nsubj _ _ 15 became become VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 16 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 17 strong strong ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 18 amod _ _ 18 example example NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 xcomp _ _ 19 , , PUNCT , _ 26 punct _ _ 20 because because SCONJ IN _ 26 mark _ _ 21 for for ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 22 most most ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 26 obl _ _ 23 of of ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 24 history history NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 nmod _ _ 25 rulers ruler NOUN NNS Number=Plur 26 nsubj _ _ 26 refused refuse VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 15 advcl _ _ 27 to to PART TO _ 28 mark _ _ 28 give give VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 26 xcomp _ _ 29 up up ADP RP _ 28 compound:prt _ _ 30 power power NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 obj _ _ 31 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **step down** | past | George | | | | year | | vn resign-10.11 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **become** | past | that peaceful handover | a strong example | | | | | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | | 3 | **refuse** | past | rulers | | | | | for most of history | vn reject-77.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | | 4 | **not** **give up** | to-infinitive | rulers *not said here* | power | | | | | vn resign-10.11-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent power=Source | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:067-who-decides-kings-councils-republics-and-democracies.lesson:9`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Who decides: kings, councils, republic…, 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/67-who-decides-kings-councils-republics-and-democracies/8/) - next →: [Who decides: kings, councils, republic…, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/67-who-decides-kings-councils-republics-and-democracies/10/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/67-who-decides-kings-councils-republics-and-democracies/)