--- title: What really happened: for centuries most soldiers were farmers who f… — Rules, courts, police, taxes and armies through… · tree and pragmatics description: What really happened: for centuries most soldiers were farmers who fought between harvests, modern police are only about 200 years old, prison as the main punishment spread in the 1800s, and Britain's income tax started in 1799 to pay for war. Who acts: most soldiers, farmers, modern police, prison. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/68-rules-courts-police-taxes-and-armies-through-time/2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / [Rules, courts, police, taxes and armie…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/68-rules-courts-police-taxes-and-armies-through-time/) / 2 # Rules, courts, police, taxes and armies through time, sentence 2 What really happened: for centuries most soldiers were farmers who fought between harvests, modern police are only about 200 years old, prison as the main punishment spread in the 1800s, and Britain's income tax started in 1799 to pay for war. **Who acts:** most soldiers, farmers, modern police, prison, income tax, Britain · **What happens:** happen, be, fight, spread, start, pay · **To what, where:** farmers, 1800s, 1799 This is a sentence of the lesson «Rules, courts, police, taxes and armies through time» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (most soldiers, farmers, modern police, prison), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:history:068-rules-courts-police-taxes-and-armies-through-time.lesson:2 # text = What really happened: for centuries most soldiers were farmers who fought between harvests, modern police are only about 200 years old, prison as the main punishment spread in the 1800s, and Britain's income tax started in 1799 to pay for war. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = history # lesson = 068-rules-courts-police-taxes-and-armies-through-time.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2 1 What what PRON WP PronType=Int 3 nsubj _ _ 2 really really ADV RB _ 3 advmod _ _ 3 happened happen VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 : : PUNCT : _ 6 punct _ _ 5 for for ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 6 centuries century NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obl _ _ 7 most most ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 8 amod _ _ 8 soldiers soldier NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 nsubj _ _ 9 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 10 cop _ _ 10 farmers farmer NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 parataxis _ _ 11 who who PRON WP PronType=Rel 12 nsubj _ _ 12 fought fight VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 10 acl:relcl _ _ 13 between between ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 14 harvests harvest NOUN NNS Number=Plur 12 obl _ _ 15 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=17:punct 16 modern modern ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 17 amod _ _ 17 police police NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 nsubj _ _ 18 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 23 cop _ _ 19 only only ADV RB _ 21 advmod _ _ 20 about about ADV RB _ 21 advmod _ _ 21 200 200 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 22 nummod _ _ 22 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 obl:unmarked _ _ 23 old old ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 10 conj _ _ 24 , , PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ _ 25 prison prison NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 nsubj _ _ 26 as as ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 27 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 29 det _ _ 28 main main ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 29 amod _ _ 29 punishment punishment NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 nmod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=25:appos 30 spread spread VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 23 conj _ _ 31 in in ADP IN _ 33 case _ _ 32 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 33 det _ _ 33 1800s 1800 NOUN NNS Number=Ptan|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Card 30 obl _ _ 34 , , PUNCT , _ 40 punct _ _ 35 and and CCONJ CC _ 40 cc _ _ 36 Britain Britain PROPN NNP Number=Sing 39 nmod:poss _ _ 37 's 's PART POS _ 36 case _ _ 38 income income NOUN NN Number=Sing 39 compound _ _ 39 tax tax NOUN NN Number=Sing 40 nsubj _ _ 40 started start VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 23 conj _ _ 41 in in ADP IN _ 42 case _ _ 42 1799 1799 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 40 obl _ _ 43 to to PART TO _ 44 mark _ _ 44 pay pay VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 40 advcl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=40:xcomp 45 for for ADP IN _ 46 case _ _ 46 war war NOUN NN Number=Sing 44 obl _ _ 47 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **happen** | past | | | | | century | | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **is a** | past | most soldiers | farmers | | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **fight** | past | farmers | | | | | between harvests | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **is** | present | modern police | | | | year | old *property* | tree rules | | 5 | **spread** | past | prison as the main punishment | | | the 1800s | | | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in 1800=Location | | 6 | **start** | past | Britain's income tax | | | 1799 | | | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | | 7 | **pay** | to-infinitive | Britain's income tax *not said here* | | | | | for war | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent for war=Theme | | 8 | **tax** | | Britain | | | | | | nom tax «possession transitive»: poss=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:068-rules-courts-police-taxes-and-armies-through-time.lesson:2`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Rules, courts, police, taxes and armie…, 0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/68-rules-courts-police-taxes-and-armies-through-time/0/) - next →: [Rules, courts, police, taxes and armie…, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/68-rules-courts-police-taxes-and-armies-through-time/3/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/68-rules-courts-police-taxes-and-armies-through-time/)