--- title: Old trials by ordeal were like the coin, asking God to show the trut… — Rules, courts, police, taxes and armies through… · tree and pragmatics description: Old trials by ordeal were like the coin, asking God to show the truth; witnesses and juries of ordinary people were a fairer way, and they slowly took over. Who acts: Old trials, witnesses, trials, ordeal. A sentence of the lesson «Rules, courts, police, taxes and armies through time» of the history --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/68-rules-courts-police-taxes-and-armies-through-time/4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / [Rules, courts, police, taxes and armie…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/68-rules-courts-police-taxes-and-armies-through-time/) / 4 # Rules, courts, police, taxes and armies through time, sentence 4 Old trials by ordeal were like the coin, asking God to show the truth; witnesses and juries of ordinary people were a fairer way, and they slowly took over. **Who acts:** Old trials, witnesses, trials, ordeal · **What happens:** be, ask, show, take over, try · **To what, where:** God, truth, fairer way This is a sentence of the lesson «Rules, courts, police, taxes and armies through time» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Old trials, witnesses, trials, ordeal), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:history:068-rules-courts-police-taxes-and-armies-through-time.lesson:4 # text = Old trials by ordeal were like the coin, asking God to show the truth; witnesses and juries of ordinary people were a fairer way, and they slowly took over. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = history # lesson = 068-rules-courts-police-taxes-and-armies-through-time.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Old old ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 amod _ _ 2 trials trial NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 nsubj _ _ 3 by by ADP IN _ 4 case _ _ 4 ordeal ordeal NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 nmod _ _ 5 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 8 cop _ _ 6 like like ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 7 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 8 coin coin NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 9 , , PUNCT , _ 10 punct _ _ 10 asking ask VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 8 advcl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=8:acl 11 God God PROPN NNP Number=Sing 10 obj _ _ 12 to to PART TO _ 13 mark _ _ 13 show show VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 10 xcomp _ _ 14 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 15 det _ _ 15 truth truth NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 obj _ _ 16 ; ; PUNCT : _ 17 punct _ _ 17 witnesses witness NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 conj _ _ 18 and and CCONJ CC _ 19 cc _ _ 19 juries jury NOUN NNS Number=Plur 17 conj _ _ 20 of of ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 21 ordinary ordinary ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 22 amod _ _ 22 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 17 nmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=19:nmod 23 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 26 cop _ _ 24 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 26 det _ _ 25 fairer fair ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 26 amod _ _ 26 way way NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 acl _ _ 27 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 28 and and CCONJ CC _ 31 cc _ _ 29 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 31 nsubj _ _ 30 slowly slowly ADV RB _ 31 advmod _ _ 31 took take VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 8 conj _ _ 32 over over ADP RP _ 31 compound:prt _ _ 33 . . PUNCT . _ 8 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | past | Old trials by ordeal | | | | | like the coin and witnesses of ordinary people and juries | tree rules | | 2 | **ask** *speech: ask* | gerund | Old trials by ordeal *not said here* | | God | | | | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP whether S\_INF»: agent=Agent god=Recipient clause=Topic | | 3 | **show** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | Old trials by ordeal *not said here* | the truth | | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent truth=Recipient | | 4 | **is a** | past | witnesses of ordinary people and juries *not said here* | a fairer way | | | | | tree rules | | 5 | **take over** | past | trials *= trial* | | | | | slowly *property* | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 6 | **try** | | ordeal | | | | | | nom trial «act transitive»: by=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:068-rules-courts-police-taxes-and-armies-through-time.lesson:4`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Rules, courts, police, taxes and armie…, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/68-rules-courts-police-taxes-and-armies-through-time/3/) - next →: [Rules, courts, police, taxes and armie…, 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/68-rules-courts-police-taxes-and-armies-through-time/5/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/68-rules-courts-police-taxes-and-armies-through-time/)