--- title: Serfs were farmers tied to a landlord's land who could not leave fre… — Rights won step by step: freedom, votes and chil… · tree and pragmatics description: Serfs were farmers tied to a landlord's land who could not leave freely; serfdom ended in the Austrian Empire in 1848 and in the Russian Empire, including much of Ukraine, in 1861. Who acts: Serfs, land, serfdom. A sentence of the lesson «Rights won step by step: freedom, votes and children's rights --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/69-rights-won-step-by-step-freedom-votes-and-children-s-rights/16/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / [Rights won step by step: freedom, vote…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/69-rights-won-step-by-step-freedom-votes-and-children-s-rights/) / 16 # Rights won step by step: freedom, votes and children's rights, sentence 16 Serfs were farmers tied to a landlord's land who could not leave freely; serfdom ended in the Austrian Empire in 1848 and in the Russian Empire, including much of Ukraine, in 1861. **Who acts:** Serfs, land, serfdom · **What happens:** be, tie, not leave, end · **To what, where:** farmers, Austrian Empire This is a sentence of the lesson «Rights won step by step: freedom, votes and children's rights» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Serfs, land, serfdom), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:history:069-rights-won-step-by-step-freedom-votes-and-children-s-rights.lesson:16 # text = Serfs were farmers tied to a landlord's land who could not leave freely; serfdom ended in the Austrian Empire in 1848 and in the Russian Empire, including much of Ukraine, in 1861. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = history # lesson = 069-rights-won-step-by-step-freedom-votes-and-children-s-rights.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2 1 Serfs serf NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 2 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 cop _ _ 3 farmers farmer NOUN NNS Number=Plur 0 root _ _ 4 tied tie VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 3 acl _ _ 5 to to ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 6 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 landlord landlord NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 nmod:poss _ _ 8 's 's PART POS _ 7 case _ _ 9 land land NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obl _ _ 10 who who PRON WP PronType=Rel 13 nsubj _ _ 11 could could AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 13 aux _ _ 12 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 13 advmod _ _ 13 leave leave VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 9 acl:relcl _ _ 14 freely freely ADV RB _ 13 advmod _ _ 15 ; ; PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _ 16 serfdom serfdom NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 nsubj _ _ 17 ended end VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=3:conj 18 in in ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 19 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 21 det _ _ 20 Austrian austrian ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 21 amod _ _ 21 Empire Empire PROPN NNP Number=Sing 17 obl _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=17:obl|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 22 in in ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 23 1848 1848 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 21 nmod _ _ 24 and and CCONJ CC _ 28 cc _ _ 25 in in ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 26 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 28 det _ _ 27 Russian Russian ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 28 amod _ _ 28 Empire Empire PROPN NNP Number=Sing 21 conj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=21:conj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 29 , , PUNCT , _ 33 punct _ _ 30 including include ADP IN _ 33 case _ _ 31 much much ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 33 amod _ _ 32 of of ADP IN _ 33 case _ _ 33 Ukraine Ukraine PROPN NNP Number=Sing 28 appos _ _ 34 , , PUNCT , _ 36 punct _ _ 35 in in ADP IN _ 36 case _ _ 36 1861 1861 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 17 obl _ _ 37 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=17:punct ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | past | Serfs | farmers | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **tie** | participle | | farmers *not said here* | | | | to a landlord's land | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V ADVP-Middle PP»: agent=Patient to land=Co-Patient | | 3 | **not** **leave** | could | a landlord's land | | | | | freely *property* | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **end** | past | serfdom | | | the Austrian Empire in 1848 and the Russian Empire | | in 1861 | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:069-rights-won-step-by-step-freedom-votes-and-children-s-rights.lesson:16`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Rights won step by step: freedom, vote…, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/69-rights-won-step-by-step-freedom-votes-and-children-s-rights/15/) - next →: [Rights won step by step: freedom, vote…, 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/69-rights-won-step-by-step-freedom-votes-and-children-s-rights/17/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/69-rights-won-step-by-step-freedom-votes-and-children-s-rights/)