--- title: In 1955 Rosa Parks refused to give up her bus seat in Alabama; the b… — Rights won step by step: freedom, votes and chil… · tree and pragmatics description: In 1955 Rosa Parks refused to give up her bus seat in Alabama; the bus boycott that followed, led by Martin Luther King and others, helped end segregation laws, which kept Black and white people apart on buses, in schools and in shops. Who acts: Rosa, bus boycott, segregation laws. A sentence of the --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/69-rights-won-step-by-step-freedom-votes-and-children-s-rights/22/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / [Rights won step by step: freedom, vote…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/69-rights-won-step-by-step-freedom-votes-and-children-s-rights/) / 22 # Rights won step by step: freedom, votes and children's rights, sentence 22 In 1955 Rosa Parks refused to give up her bus seat in Alabama; the bus boycott that followed, led by Martin Luther King and others, helped end segregation laws, which kept Black and white people apart on buses, in schools and in shops. **Who acts:** Rosa, bus boycott, segregation laws · **What happens:** refuse, not give up, follow, lead, help, end · **To what, where:** 1955, bus seat, Alabama, bus boycott, segregation laws, Black people This is a sentence of the lesson «Rights won step by step: freedom, votes and children's rights» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Rosa, bus boycott, segregation laws), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:history:069-rights-won-step-by-step-freedom-votes-and-children-s-rights.lesson:22 # text = In 1955 Rosa Parks refused to give up her bus seat in Alabama; the bus boycott that followed, led by Martin Luther King and others, helped end segregation laws, which kept Black and white people apart on buses, in schools and in shops. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = history # lesson = 069-rights-won-step-by-step-freedom-votes-and-children-s-rights.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 In in ADP IN _ 2 case _ _ 2 1955 1955 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 5 obl _ _ 3 Rosa Rosa PROPN NNP Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ _ 4 Parks Parks PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 flat _ _ 5 refused refuse VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 6 to to PART TO _ 7 mark _ _ 7 give give VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 5 xcomp _ _ 8 up up ADP RP _ 7 compound:prt _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=7:compound:prt|HaikuPos=PART:RP:_ 9 her her PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 11 nmod:poss _ _ 10 bus bus NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 compound _ _ 11 seat seat NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 obj _ _ 12 in in ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 13 Alabama Alabama PROPN NNP Number=Sing 11 nmod _ _ 14 ; ; PUNCT , _ 29 punct _ Agree=R2-punct-next|Haiku=5:punct 15 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 17 det _ _ 16 bus bus NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 compound _ _ 17 boycott boycott NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 nsubj _ _ 18 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 19 nsubj _ _ 19 followed follow VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 17 acl:relcl _ _ 20 , , PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 21 led lead VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 17 acl _ _ 22 by by ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 23 Martin Martin PROPN NNP Number=Sing 25 compound _ _ 24 Luther Luther PROPN NNP Number=Sing 25 compound _ _ 25 King King PROPN NNP Number=Sing 21 obl:agent _ _ 26 and and CCONJ CC _ 27 cc _ _ 27 others other NOUN NNS Number=Plur 25 conj _ _ 28 , , PUNCT , _ 29 punct _ _ 29 helped help VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 5 conj _ _ 30 end end VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 29 xcomp _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=31:compound|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 31 segregation segregation NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 compound _ _ 32 laws law NOUN NNS Number=Plur 30 obj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=29:obj 33 , , PUNCT , _ 35 punct _ _ 34 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 35 nsubj _ _ 35 kept keep VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 32 acl:relcl _ _ 36 Black black ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 39 amod _ _ 37 and and CCONJ CC _ 38 cc _ _ 38 white white ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 36 conj _ _ 39 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 35 obj _ _ 40 apart apart ADV RB _ 35 advmod _ _ 41 on on ADP IN _ 42 case _ _ 42 buses bus NOUN NNS Number=Plur 35 obl _ _ 43 , , PUNCT , _ 45 punct _ _ 44 in in ADP IN _ 45 case _ _ 45 schools school NOUN NNS Number=Plur 42 conj _ _ 46 and and CCONJ CC _ 48 cc _ _ 47 in in ADP IN _ 48 case _ _ 48 shops shop NOUN NNS Number=Plur 42 conj _ _ 49 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **refuse** | past | Rosa | | | 1955 | | | vn reject-77.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | | 2 | **not** **give up** | to-infinitive | Rosa *not said here* | Rosa's bus seat | | Alabama | | | vn resign-10.11-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent seat=Source | | 3 | **follow** | past | the bus boycott | | | | | | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **lead** | participle | | the bus boycott *not said here* | | | | | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition | | 5 | **help** | past | the bus boycott | | | | | | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | | 6 | **end** | infinitive | the bus boycott *not said here* | segregation laws | | | | | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality law=Eventuality | | 7 | **keep** | past | segregation laws | Black people | | buses and schools and shops | | apart *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent people=Theme on bus=Location | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:069-rights-won-step-by-step-freedom-votes-and-children-s-rights.lesson:22`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Rights won step by step: freedom, vote…, 21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/69-rights-won-step-by-step-freedom-votes-and-children-s-rights/21/) - next →: [Rights won step by step: freedom, vote…, 23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/69-rights-won-step-by-step-freedom-votes-and-children-s-rights/23/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/69-rights-won-step-by-step-freedom-votes-and-children-s-rights/)