---
title: An old idea that invaders destroyed the Indus cities suddenly is now… — Ancient India: the Indus cities and the first ki… · tree and pragmatics
description: An old idea that invaders destroyed the Indus cities suddenly is now not believed; the decline was slow. Who acts: invaders, decline. A sentence of the lesson «Ancient India: the Indus cities and the first kingdoms» of the history course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the prag
---

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# Ancient India: the Indus cities and the first kingdoms, sentence 12

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An old idea that invaders destroyed the Indus cities suddenly is now not believed; the decline was slow.

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**Who acts:** invaders, decline · **What happens:** destroy, not believe, be · **To what, where:** old idea

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Ancient India: the Indus cities and the first kingdoms» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (invaders, decline), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:history:007-ancient-india-the-indus-cities-and-the-first-kingdoms.lesson:12
# text = An old idea that invaders destroyed the Indus cities suddenly is now not believed; the decline was slow.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = history
# lesson = 007-ancient-india-the-indus-cities-and-the-first-kingdoms.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	idea	idea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	obj	_	_
5	invaders	invader	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	destroyed	destroy	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	Indus	Indus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	cities	city	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
10	suddenly	suddenly	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux:pass	_	_
12	now	now	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
13	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	14	advmod	_	_
14	believed	believe	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
15	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	decline	decline	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj	_	_
18	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	cop	_	_
19	slow	slow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	parataxis	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=14:conj
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **destroy** | past | invaders | a old idea |  |  |  | suddenly *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **believe** | present · passive |  | a old idea |  |  | now |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Stimulus |
| 3 | **is** | past | the decline |  |  |  |  | slow *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:007-ancient-india-the-indus-cities-and-the-first-kingdoms.lesson:12`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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