--- title: The Vedas are very old sacred hymns, learned by heart and passed on… — Ancient India: the Indus cities and the first ki… · tree and pragmatics description: The Vedas are very old sacred hymns, learned by heart and passed on by speaking for many centuries before being written down. Who acts: Vedas. A sentence of the lesson «Ancient India: the Indus cities and the first kingdoms» of the history course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/7-ancient-india-the-indus-cities-and-the-first-kingdoms/13/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / [Ancient India: the Indus cities and th…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/7-ancient-india-the-indus-cities-and-the-first-kingdoms/) / 13 # Ancient India: the Indus cities and the first kingdoms, sentence 13 The Vedas are very old sacred hymns, learned by heart and passed on by speaking for many centuries before being written down. **Who acts:** Vedas · **What happens:** be, learn, pass on, speak, write down · **To what, where:** old sacred hymns · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Ancient India: the Indus cities and the first kingdoms» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Vedas), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:history:007-ancient-india-the-indus-cities-and-the-first-kingdoms.lesson:13 # text = The Vedas are very old sacred hymns, learned by heart and passed on by speaking for many centuries before being written down. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = history # lesson = 007-ancient-india-the-indus-cities-and-the-first-kingdoms.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 Vedas veda PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 7 nsubj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=7:nsubj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NNS:Number=Plur 3 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 cop _ _ 4 very very ADV RB _ 5 advmod _ _ 5 old old ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 amod _ _ 6 sacred sacred ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 amod _ _ 7 hymns hymn NOUN NNS Number=Plur 0 root _ _ 8 , , PUNCT , _ 9 punct _ _ 9 learned learn VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 7 acl _ _ 10 by by ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 11 heart heart NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 obl _ _ 12 and and CCONJ CC _ 13 cc _ _ 13 passed pass VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 9 conj _ _ 14 on on ADP RP _ 13 compound:prt _ _ 15 by by SCONJ IN _ 16 mark _ _ 16 speaking speak VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 13 advcl _ _ 17 for for ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 18 many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 19 amod _ _ 19 centuries century NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 obl _ _ 20 before before SCONJ IN _ 22 mark _ _ 21 being be AUX VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 22 aux:pass _ _ 22 written write VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 16 advcl _ _ 23 down down ADP RP _ 22 compound:prt _ _ 24 . . PUNCT . _ 7 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | the Vedas | old sacred hymns | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **learn** | participle | | old sacred hymns *not said here* | | | | by heart | vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **pass on** | participle | | | | | | | vn send-11.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **speak** *speech: other* | gerund | | | | | century | | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **write down** | gerund · passive | | | | | | | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V» | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:007-ancient-india-the-indus-cities-and-the-first-kingdoms.lesson:13`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Ancient India: the Indus cities and th…, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/7-ancient-india-the-indus-cities-and-the-first-kingdoms/12/) - next →: [Ancient India: the Indus cities and th…, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/7-ancient-india-the-indus-cities-and-the-first-kingdoms/14/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/7-ancient-india-the-indus-cities-and-the-first-kingdoms/)