---
title: Obsidian, a sharp volcanic glass, was traded over long distances mor… — Trade: why people swap, and the great trade routes · tree and pragmatics
description: Obsidian, a sharp volcanic glass, was traded over long distances more than 10,000 years ago, before the first cities. A sentence of the lesson «Trade: why people swap, and the great trade routes» of the history course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clau
---

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# Trade: why people swap, and the great trade routes, sentence 14

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Obsidian, a sharp volcanic glass, was traded over long distances more than 10,000 years ago, before the first cities.

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**What happens:** trade · **To what, where:** Obsidian

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Trade: why people swap, and the great trade routes» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:history:070-trade-why-people-swap-and-the-great-trade-routes.lesson:14
# text = Obsidian, a sharp volcanic glass, was traded over long distances more than 10,000 years ago, before the first cities.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = history
# lesson = 070-trade-why-people-swap-and-the-great-trade-routes.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1
1	Obsidian	Obsidian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	sharp	sharp	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	volcanic	volcanic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	glass	glass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
8	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	traded	trade	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
10	over	over	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	distances	distance	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=9:obj
13	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp|ExtPos=ADV	15	advmod	_	_
14	than	than	ADP	IN	_	13	fixed	_	_
15	10,000	10000	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	16	nummod	_	_
16	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obl:unmarked	_	_
17	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
19	before	before	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	22	amod	_	_
22	cities	city	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	_
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **trade** | past · passive |  | Obsidian |  |  | before the first cities | long distances *obl*; ago *property* | vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:070-trade-why-people-swap-and-the-great-trade-routes.lesson:14`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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- next →: [Trade: why people swap, and the great…, 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/70-trade-why-people-swap-and-the-great-trade-routes/16/)
- ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/70-trade-why-people-swap-and-the-great-trade-routes/)