--- title: Indian Ocean sailors timed their voyages with the seasonal monsoon w… — Trade: why people swap, and the great trade routes · tree and pragmatics description: Indian Ocean sailors timed their voyages with the seasonal monsoon winds, linking East Africa, Arabia, India and Southeast Asia; Swahili cities like Kilwa and Mombasa grew rich. Who acts: Indian Ocean sailors, Swahili cities, sailors. A sentence of the lesson «Trade: why people swap, and the great t --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/70-trade-why-people-swap-and-the-great-trade-routes/18/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / [Trade: why people swap, and the great…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/70-trade-why-people-swap-and-the-great-trade-routes/) / 18 # Trade: why people swap, and the great trade routes, sentence 18 Indian Ocean sailors timed their voyages with the seasonal monsoon winds, linking East Africa, Arabia, India and Southeast Asia; Swahili cities like Kilwa and Mombasa grew rich. **Who acts:** Indian Ocean sailors, Swahili cities, sailors · **What happens:** time, link, grow, voyage · **To what, where:** voyages, East This is a sentence of the lesson «Trade: why people swap, and the great trade routes» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Indian Ocean sailors, Swahili cities, sailors), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:history:070-trade-why-people-swap-and-the-great-trade-routes.lesson:18 # text = Indian Ocean sailors timed their voyages with the seasonal monsoon winds, linking East Africa, Arabia, India and Southeast Asia; Swahili cities like Kilwa and Mombasa grew rich. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = history # lesson = 070-trade-why-people-swap-and-the-great-trade-routes.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2 1 Indian Indian ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 amod _ _ 2 Ocean Ocean PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 compound _ _ 3 sailors sailor NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nsubj _ _ 4 timed time VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 6 nmod:poss _ _ 6 voyages voyage NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obj _ _ 7 with with ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 8 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 9 seasonal seasonal ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 11 amod _ _ 10 monsoon monsoon NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 compound _ _ 11 winds wind NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obl _ _ 12 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 13 linking link VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 4 advcl _ _ 14 East East PROPN NNP Number=Sing 13 obj _ _ 15 Africa Africa PROPN NNP Number=Sing 14 flat _ _ 16 , , PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _ 17 Arabia Arabia PROPN NNP Number=Sing 15 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=14:conj 18 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=22:punct 19 India India PROPN NNP Number=Sing 14 conj _ _ 20 and and CCONJ CC _ 22 cc _ Agree=R1-cc-next|Haiku=19:cc 21 Southeast Southeast PROPN NNP Number=Sing 22 compound _ _ 22 Asia Asia PROPN NNP Number=Sing 19 conj _ _ 23 ; ; PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ _ 24 Swahili swahili ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 25 amod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=25:compound|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 25 cities city NOUN NNS Number=Plur 30 nsubj _ _ 26 like like ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 27 Kilwa Kilwa PROPN NNP Number=Sing 25 nmod _ _ 28 and and CCONJ CC _ 29 cc _ _ 29 Mombasa Mombasa PROPN NNP Number=Sing 27 conj _ _ 30 grew grow VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=4:conj 31 rich rich ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 30 xcomp _ _ 32 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **time** | past | Indian Ocean sailors | sailors's voyages | | | | with the seasonal monsoon winds | vn register-54.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent voyage=Theme | | 2 | **link** | gerund | Indian Ocean sailors *not said here* | East and India and Southeast Asia | | | | | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent east=Patient | | 3 | **grow** | past | Swahili cities like Kilwa and Mombasa | | | | | rich *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **voyage** | | sailors *= sailor* | | | | | | nom voyage «act transitive»: poss=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:070-trade-why-people-swap-and-the-great-trade-routes.lesson:18`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Trade: why people swap, and the great…, 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/70-trade-why-people-swap-and-the-great-trade-routes/17/) - next →: [Trade: why people swap, and the great…, 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/70-trade-why-people-swap-and-the-great-trade-routes/19/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/70-trade-why-people-swap-and-the-great-trade-routes/)