--- title: After 1492 ships began to link the Americas with the rest of the wor… — What trade carried: tomatoes, tea, horses, words… · tree and pragmatics description: After 1492 ships began to link the Americas with the rest of the world, and plants, animals, people and germs crossed the ocean both ways; historians call this the Columbian Exchange. Who acts: 1492 ships, plants, historians. A sentence of the lesson «What trade carried: tomatoes, tea, horses, words --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/71-what-trade-carried-tomatoes-tea-horses-words-and-diseases/1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / [What trade carried: tomatoes, tea, hor…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/71-what-trade-carried-tomatoes-tea-horses-words-and-diseases/) / 1 # What trade carried: tomatoes, tea, horses, words, religions and diseases, sentence 1 After 1492 ships began to link the Americas with the rest of the world, and plants, animals, people and germs crossed the ocean both ways; historians call this the Columbian Exchange. **Who acts:** 1492 ships, plants, historians · **What happens:** begin, link, cross, call · **To what, where:** Americas, ocean, this · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «What trade carried: tomatoes, tea, horses, words, religions and diseases» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (1492 ships, plants, historians), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:history:071-what-trade-carried-tomatoes-tea-horses-words-and-diseases.lesson:1 # text = After 1492 ships began to link the Americas with the rest of the world, and plants, animals, people and germs crossed the ocean both ways; historians call this the Columbian Exchange. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = history # lesson = 071-what-trade-carried-tomatoes-tea-horses-words-and-diseases.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 After after SCONJ IN _ 4 mark _ _ 2 1492 1492 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 3 nummod _ _ 3 ships ship NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nsubj _ _ 4 began begin VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 to to PART TO _ 6 mark _ _ 6 link link VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 4 xcomp _ _ 7 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 8 Americas Americas PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 6 obj _ _ 9 with with ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 10 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 11 rest rest NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 obl _ _ 12 of of ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 13 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 14 world world NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 nmod _ _ 15 , , PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 16 and and CCONJ CC _ 24 cc _ _ 17 plants plant NOUN NNS Number=Plur 24 nsubj _ _ 18 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 19 animals animal NOUN NNS Number=Plur 17 conj _ _ 20 , , PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 21 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 17 conj _ _ 22 and and CCONJ CC _ 23 cc _ _ 23 germs germ NOUN NNS Number=Plur 17 conj _ _ 24 crossed cross VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 conj _ _ 25 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 26 det _ _ 26 ocean ocean NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 obj _ _ 27 both both DET DT PronType=Tot 28 det _ _ 28 ways way NOUN NNS Number=Plur 24 obl:unmarked _ _ 29 ; ; PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=30:punct 30 historians historian NOUN NNS Number=Plur 31 nsubj _ _ 31 call call VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 parataxis _ _ 32 this this PRON DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 31 obj _ _ 33 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 35 det _ _ 34 Columbian Columbian PROPN NNP Number=Sing 35 compound _ _ 35 Exchange Exchange PROPN NNP Number=Sing 31 xcomp _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=31:obj 36 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **begin** | past | 1492 ships | | | | | | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | | 2 | **link** | to-infinitive | 1492 ships *not said here* | the Americas | | | | with the rest of the world | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent americas=Patient with rest=Co-Patient | | 3 | **cross** | past | plants and animals and people and germs | the ocean | | | | both ways *obl:unmarked* | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ocean=Patient | | 4 | **call** | present | historians | this | | | | | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent this=Recipient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:071-what-trade-carried-tomatoes-tea-horses-words-and-diseases.lesson:1`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [What trade carried: tomatoes, tea, hor…, 0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/71-what-trade-carried-tomatoes-tea-horses-words-and-diseases/0/) - next →: [What trade carried: tomatoes, tea, hor…, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/71-what-trade-carried-tomatoes-tea-horses-words-and-diseases/4/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/71-what-trade-carried-tomatoes-tea-horses-words-and-diseases/)