--- title: People in Mexico and Central America drank chocolate, often bitter a… — What trade carried: tomatoes, tea, horses, words… · tree and pragmatics description: People in Mexico and Central America drank chocolate, often bitter and spicy, for thousands of years; the Aztecs used cacao beans as money, and an English firm sold one of the first chocolate bars in 1847. Who acts: People, Aztecs, English firm. A sentence of the lesson «What trade carried: tomatoes --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/71-what-trade-carried-tomatoes-tea-horses-words-and-diseases/11/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / [What trade carried: tomatoes, tea, hor…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/71-what-trade-carried-tomatoes-tea-horses-words-and-diseases/) / 11 # What trade carried: tomatoes, tea, horses, words, religions and diseases, sentence 11 People in Mexico and Central America drank chocolate, often bitter and spicy, for thousands of years; the Aztecs used cacao beans as money, and an English firm sold one of the first chocolate bars in 1847. **Who acts:** People, Aztecs, English firm · **What happens:** drink, use, sell · **To what, where:** chocolate, cacao beans, one, 1847 This is a sentence of the lesson «What trade carried: tomatoes, tea, horses, words, religions and diseases» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (People, Aztecs, English firm), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:history:071-what-trade-carried-tomatoes-tea-horses-words-and-diseases.lesson:11 # text = People in Mexico and Central America drank chocolate, often bitter and spicy, for thousands of years; the Aztecs used cacao beans as money, and an English firm sold one of the first chocolate bars in 1847. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = history # lesson = 071-what-trade-carried-tomatoes-tea-horses-words-and-diseases.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 People people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 nsubj _ _ 2 in in ADP IN _ 3 case _ _ 3 Mexico Mexico PROPN NNP Number=Sing 1 nmod _ _ 4 and and CCONJ CC _ 6 cc _ Agree=R1-cc-next|Haiku=3:cc 5 Central Central PROPN NNP Number=Sing 6 flat _ _ 6 America America PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 conj _ _ 7 drank drink VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 8 chocolate chocolate NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 obj _ _ 9 , , PUNCT , _ 11 punct _ _ 10 often often ADV RB _ 11 advmod _ _ 11 bitter bitter ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 amod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=7:parataxis 12 and and CCONJ CC _ 13 cc _ _ 13 spicy spicy ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 11 conj _ _ 14 , , PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ _ 15 for for ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 16 thousands thousand NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=11:obl 17 of of ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 18 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 nmod _ _ 19 ; ; PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ Agree=R2-punct-next|Haiku=7:punct 20 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 21 det _ _ 21 Aztecs Aztec PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 22 nsubj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=22:nsubj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NNS:Number=Plur 22 used use VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 7 conj _ _ 23 cacao cacao NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 compound _ _ 24 beans bean NOUN NNS Number=Plur 22 obj _ _ 25 as as ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 26 money money NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 obl _ _ 27 , , PUNCT , _ 32 punct _ _ 28 and and CCONJ CC _ 22 cc _ _ 29 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 31 det _ _ 30 English English ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 31 amod _ _ 31 firm firm NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 nsubj _ _ 32 sold sell VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 7 conj _ _ 33 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 32 obj _ _ 34 of of ADP IN _ 38 case _ _ 35 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 38 det _ _ 36 first first ADJ JJ Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord 38 amod _ _ 37 chocolate chocolate NOUN NN Number=Sing 38 compound _ _ 38 bars bar NOUN NNS Number=Plur 33 nmod _ _ 39 in in ADP IN _ 40 case _ _ 40 1847 1847 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 32 obl _ _ 41 . . PUNCT . _ 7 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **drink** | past | People in Mexico and Central America | chocolate | | | | for thousands of years | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent chocolate=Patient | | 2 | **use** | past | the Aztecs | cacao beans | | | | as money | vn spend\_time-104 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent bean=Duration as money=Attribute | | 3 | **sell** | past | a English firm | one of the first chocolate bars | | 1847 | | | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:071-what-trade-carried-tomatoes-tea-horses-words-and-diseases.lesson:11`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [What trade carried: tomatoes, tea, hor…, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/71-what-trade-carried-tomatoes-tea-horses-words-and-diseases/10/) - next →: [What trade carried: tomatoes, tea, hor…, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/71-what-trade-carried-tomatoes-tea-horses-words-and-diseases/12/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/71-what-trade-carried-tomatoes-tea-horses-words-and-diseases/)