--- title: Horses died out in the Americas about 10,000 years ago and came back… — What trade carried: tomatoes, tea, horses, words… · tree and pragmatics description: Horses died out in the Americas about 10,000 years ago and came back with the Spanish in the 1500s; peoples like the Comanche and Lakota became great horse riders, and a 2023 study with Indigenous scholars suggested horses spread on the Plains earlier than European records say. Who acts: Horses, peo --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/71-what-trade-carried-tomatoes-tea-horses-words-and-diseases/12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / [What trade carried: tomatoes, tea, hor…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/71-what-trade-carried-tomatoes-tea-horses-words-and-diseases/) / 12 # What trade carried: tomatoes, tea, horses, words, religions and diseases, sentence 12 Horses died out in the Americas about 10,000 years ago and came back with the Spanish in the 1500s; peoples like the Comanche and Lakota became great horse riders, and a 2023 study with Indigenous scholars suggested horses spread on the Plains earlier than European records say. **Who acts:** Horses, peoples, 2023 study, European records · **What happens:** die out, come back, become, suggest, spread, say · **To what, where:** 1500s, great horse riders, Plains · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «What trade carried: tomatoes, tea, horses, words, religions and diseases» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Horses, peoples, 2023 study, European records), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:history:071-what-trade-carried-tomatoes-tea-horses-words-and-diseases.lesson:12 # text = Horses died out in the Americas about 10,000 years ago and came back with the Spanish in the 1500s; peoples like the Comanche and Lakota became great horse riders, and a 2023 study with Indigenous scholars suggested horses spread on the Plains earlier than European records say. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = history # lesson = 071-what-trade-carried-tomatoes-tea-horses-words-and-diseases.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×2, R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×2 1 Horses horse NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ _ 2 died die VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 out out ADP RP _ 2 compound:prt _ _ 4 in in ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 5 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 6 Americas Americas PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 2 obl _ _ 7 about about ADV RB _ 8 advmod _ _ 8 10,000 10000 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 9 nummod _ _ 9 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 obl:unmarked _ _ 10 ago ago ADV RB _ 2 advmod _ _ 11 and and CCONJ CC _ 12 cc _ _ 12 came come VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ _ 13 back back ADV RB _ 12 advmod _ _ 14 with with ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 15 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 16 det _ _ 16 Spanish Spanish PROPN NNP Number=Sing 12 obl _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=12:obl|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos 17 in in ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 18 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 19 1500s 1500 NOUN NNS Number=Ptan|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Card 12 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=16:nmod 20 ; ; PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 21 peoples people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 27 nsubj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=27:conj 22 like like ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 23 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 24 det _ _ 24 Comanche Comanche PROPN NNP Number=Sing 21 nmod _ _ 25 and and CCONJ CC _ 26 cc _ _ 26 Lakota Lakota PROPN NNP Number=Sing 24 conj _ _ 27 became become VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=12:conj 28 great great ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 30 amod _ _ 29 horse horse NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 compound _ _ 30 riders rider NOUN NNS Number=Plur 27 xcomp _ _ 31 , , PUNCT , _ 39 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=35:punct 32 and and CCONJ CC _ 35 cc _ _ 33 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 35 det _ _ 34 2023 2023 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 35 nummod _ _ 35 study study NOUN NN Number=Sing 39 nsubj _ _ 36 with with ADP IN _ 38 case _ _ 37 Indigenous Indigenous ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 38 amod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=38:compound|HaikuPos=PROPN:NNP:Number=Sing 38 scholars scholar NOUN NNS Number=Plur 35 nmod _ _ 39 suggested suggest VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=12:conj 40 horses horse NOUN NNS Number=Plur 41 nsubj _ _ 41 spread spread VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 39 ccomp _ _ 42 on on ADP IN _ 44 case _ _ 43 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 44 det _ _ 44 Plains plain PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 41 obl _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=41:obl|HaikuPos=NOUN:NNS:Number=Plur 45 earlier early ADV RBR Degree=Cmp 41 advmod _ _ 46 than than SCONJ IN _ 49 mark _ _ 47 European European ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 48 amod _ _ 48 records record NOUN NNS Number=Plur 49 nsubj _ _ 49 say say VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 45 advcl _ _ 50 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **die out** | past | Horses | | | | | in the Americas; ago *property* | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.patient V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in americas=Attribute | | 2 | **come back** | past | Horses *not said here* | | | the 1500s | | with the Spanish | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in 1500=Location | | 3 | **become** | past | peoples like the Comanche and Lakota | great horse riders | | | | | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | | 4 | **suggest** *speech: suggest* | past | a 2023 study with Indigenous scholars | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 5 | **spread** | past | horses | | | the Plains | | early *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on plain=Location | | 6 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | European records | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:071-what-trade-carried-tomatoes-tea-horses-words-and-diseases.lesson:12`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×2, R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [What trade carried: tomatoes, tea, hor…, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/71-what-trade-carried-tomatoes-tea-horses-words-and-diseases/11/) - next →: [What trade carried: tomatoes, tea, hor…, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/71-what-trade-carried-tomatoes-tea-horses-words-and-diseases/13/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/71-what-trade-carried-tomatoes-tea-horses-words-and-diseases/)