--- title: After 1492 smallpox, measles and other diseases reached the Americas… — What trade carried: tomatoes, tea, horses, words… · tree and pragmatics description: After 1492 smallpox, measles and other diseases reached the Americas, where people had no protection; in some places the population fell by up to nine-tenths, though the exact numbers are debated. Who acts: measles, people, population. A sentence of the lesson «What trade carried: tomatoes, tea, hor --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/71-what-trade-carried-tomatoes-tea-horses-words-and-diseases/13/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / [What trade carried: tomatoes, tea, hor…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/71-what-trade-carried-tomatoes-tea-horses-words-and-diseases/) / 13 # What trade carried: tomatoes, tea, horses, words, religions and diseases, sentence 13 After 1492 smallpox, measles and other diseases reached the Americas, where people had no protection; in some places the population fell by up to nine-tenths, though the exact numbers are debated. **Who acts:** measles, people, population · **What happens:** reach, have, fall, debate · **To what, where:** 1492, protection, places, exact numbers This is a sentence of the lesson «What trade carried: tomatoes, tea, horses, words, religions and diseases» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (measles, people, population), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:history:071-what-trade-carried-tomatoes-tea-horses-words-and-diseases.lesson:13 # text = After 1492 smallpox, measles and other diseases reached the Americas, where people had no protection; in some places the population fell by up to nine-tenths, though the exact numbers are debated. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = history # lesson = 071-what-trade-carried-tomatoes-tea-horses-words-and-diseases.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 After after ADP IN _ 3 case _ _ 2 1492 1492 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 9 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=3:nummod 3 smallpox smallpox NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 obl _ _ 4 , , PUNCT , _ 3 punct _ _ 5 measles measle NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 nsubj _ _ 6 and and CCONJ CC _ 8 cc _ _ 7 other other ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 amod _ _ 8 diseases disease NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 conj _ _ 9 reached reach VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 10 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 11 Americas Americas PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 9 obj _ _ 12 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 13 where where ADV WRB PronType=Rel 15 advmod _ _ 14 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 15 nsubj _ _ 15 had have VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 11 acl:relcl _ _ 16 no no DET DT PronType=Neg 17 det _ _ 17 protection protection NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 obj _ _ 18 ; ; PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 19 in in ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 20 some some DET DT PronType=Ind 21 det _ _ 21 places place NOUN NNS Number=Plur 24 obl _ _ 22 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 23 det _ _ 23 population population NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 nsubj _ _ 24 fell fall VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 9 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=9:conj 25 by by ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 26 up up ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 27 to to ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 28 nine nine NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 30 nummod _ _ 29 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 28 punct _ _ 30 tenths tenth NOUN NNS Number=Plur 24 obl _ _ 31 , , PUNCT , _ 37 punct _ _ 32 though though SCONJ IN _ 37 mark _ _ 33 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 35 det _ _ 34 exact exact ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 35 amod _ _ 35 numbers number NOUN NNS Number=Plur 37 nsubj:pass _ _ 36 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 37 aux:pass _ _ 37 debated debate VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 24 advcl _ _ 38 . . PUNCT . _ 9 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **reach** | past | measles and other diseases | 1492 | | | after smallpox | | vn body\_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent americas=Theme | | 2 | **have** | past | people | no protection | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent protection=Patient | | 3 | **fall** | past | the population | | | some places | | by nine tenths | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in place=Location | | 4 | **debate** | present · passive | | the exact numbers | | | | | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Co-Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:071-what-trade-carried-tomatoes-tea-horses-words-and-diseases.lesson:13`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [What trade carried: tomatoes, tea, hor…, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/71-what-trade-carried-tomatoes-tea-horses-words-and-diseases/12/) - next →: [What trade carried: tomatoes, tea, hor…, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/71-what-trade-carried-tomatoes-tea-horses-words-and-diseases/14/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/71-what-trade-carried-tomatoes-tea-horses-words-and-diseases/)