--- title: Potatoes were first grown in the Andes of South America thousands of… — What trade carried: tomatoes, tea, horses, words… · tree and pragmatics description: Potatoes were first grown in the Andes of South America thousands of years ago, reached Europe in the 1500s and spread across Europe, Ukraine included, in the 1700s and 1800s; when potato disease struck Ireland in 1845–1852, about a million people died and about a million left. Who acts: Ukraine, po --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/71-what-trade-carried-tomatoes-tea-horses-words-and-diseases/6/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / [What trade carried: tomatoes, tea, hor…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/71-what-trade-carried-tomatoes-tea-horses-words-and-diseases/) / 6 # What trade carried: tomatoes, tea, horses, words, religions and diseases, sentence 6 Potatoes were first grown in the Andes of South America thousands of years ago, reached Europe in the 1500s and spread across Europe, Ukraine included, in the 1700s and 1800s; when potato disease struck Ireland in 1845–1852, about a million people died and about a million left. **Who acts:** Ukraine, potato disease, million people, million · **What happens:** grow, reach, spread, include, strike, die · **To what, where:** Potatoes, Andes, Europe, 1500s, Ireland, 1845 This is a sentence of the lesson «What trade carried: tomatoes, tea, horses, words, religions and diseases» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ukraine, potato disease, million people, million), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:history:071-what-trade-carried-tomatoes-tea-horses-words-and-diseases.lesson:6 # text = Potatoes were first grown in the Andes of South America thousands of years ago, reached Europe in the 1500s and spread across Europe, Ukraine included, in the 1700s and 1800s; when potato disease struck Ireland in 1845–1852, about a million people died and about a million left. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = history # lesson = 071-what-trade-carried-tomatoes-tea-horses-words-and-diseases.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Potatoes potato NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nsubj _ _ 2 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 aux:pass _ _ 3 first first ADV RB NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord 4 advmod _ _ 4 grown grow VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 5 in in ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 Andes Andes PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 4 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=14:obl 8 of of ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 9 South South PROPN NNP Number=Sing 10 compound _ _ 10 America America PROPN NNP Number=Sing 7 nmod _ _ 11 thousands thousand NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 obl:unmarked _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=4:obl:unmarked 12 of of ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 13 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 nmod _ _ 14 ago ago ADV RB _ 4 advmod _ _ 15 , , PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ _ 16 reached reach VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 conj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=4:conj|HaikuPos=VERB:VBN:Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 17 Europe Europe PROPN NNP Number=Sing 16 obj _ _ 18 in in ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 19 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 20 det _ _ 20 1500s 1500 NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 obl _ _ 21 and and CCONJ CC _ 22 cc _ _ 22 spread spread VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 16 conj _ _ 23 across across ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 24 Europe Europe PROPN NNP Number=Sing 22 obl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=22:nmod 25 , , PUNCT , _ 26 punct _ _ 26 Ukraine Ukraine PROPN NNP Number=Sing 27 nsubj _ _ 27 included include VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 24 acl _ _ 28 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 29 in in ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 30 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 31 det _ _ 31 1700s 1700 NOUN NNS Number=Plur 22 obl _ _ 32 and and CCONJ CC _ 33 cc _ _ 33 1800s 1800 NOUN NNS Number=Ptan|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Card 31 conj _ _ 34 ; ; PUNCT : _ 4 punct _ _ 35 when when ADV WRB PronType=Int 38 advmod _ _ 36 potato potato NOUN NN Number=Sing 37 compound _ _ 37 disease disease NOUN NN Number=Sing 38 nsubj _ _ 38 struck strike VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 49 advcl _ _ 39 Ireland Ireland PROPN NNP Number=Sing 38 obj _ _ 40 in in ADP IN _ 41 case _ _ 41 1845 1845 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 38 obl _ _ 42 – - PUNCT , _ 43 punct _ _ 43 1852 1852 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 41 nmod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=41:conj 44 , , PUNCT , _ 49 punct _ _ 45 about about ADV RB _ 47 advmod _ _ 46 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 47 det _ _ 47 million million NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 48 nummod _ _ 48 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 49 nsubj _ _ 49 died die VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 parataxis _ _ 50 and and CCONJ CC _ 54 cc _ _ 51 about about ADV RB _ 53 advmod _ _ 52 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 53 det _ _ 53 million million NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 54 nsubj _ _ 54 left left VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 49 conj _ _ 55 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **grow** | past · passive | | Potatoes | | the Andes of South America | | ago, first *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme | | 2 | **reach** | past | | Europe | | the 1500s | | | vn body\_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent europe=Theme | | 3 | **spread** | past | | | | Europe | | in the 1700s and 1800s | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in 1700=Location | | 4 | **include** | past | Ukraine | Europe *not said here* | | | | | vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent europe=Theme | | 5 | **strike** | past | potato disease | Ireland | | 1845 1852 | | | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent ireland=Instrument | | 6 | **die** | past | million people | | | | | | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | | 7 | **left** | past | a million | | | | | | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:071-what-trade-carried-tomatoes-tea-horses-words-and-diseases.lesson:6`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [What trade carried: tomatoes, tea, hor…, 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/71-what-trade-carried-tomatoes-tea-horses-words-and-diseases/5/) - next →: [What trade carried: tomatoes, tea, hor…, 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/71-what-trade-carried-tomatoes-tea-horses-words-and-diseases/7/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/71-what-trade-carried-tomatoes-tea-horses-words-and-diseases/)