--- title: Imagine your street with no bins, no drains and no taps: every bucke… — Cities: why they grow, and how water and sewers… · tree and pragmatics description: Imagine your street with no bins, no drains and no taps: every bucket of dirty water poured out of the window, and the drinking water drawn from the same river; for most of history big cities were exactly like that, and many of them often saw more deaths than births. Who acts: you, dirty water, big --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/73-cities-why-they-grow-and-how-sewers-made-them-safe/0/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / [Cities: why they grow, and how water a…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/73-cities-why-they-grow-and-how-sewers-made-them-safe/) / 0 # Cities: why they grow, and how water and sewers made them safe, sentence 0 Imagine your street with no bins, no drains and no taps: every bucket of dirty water poured out of the window, and the drinking water drawn from the same river; for most of history big cities were exactly like that, and many of them often saw more deaths than births. **Who acts:** you, dirty water, big cities, many · **What happens:** imagine, pour out, draw, be, see · **To what, where:** street, window, drinking water, more deaths This is a sentence of the lesson «Cities: why they grow, and how water and sewers made them safe» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, dirty water, big cities, many), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:history:073-cities-why-they-grow-and-how-sewers-made-them-safe.lesson:0 # text = Imagine your street with no bins, no drains and no taps: every bucket of dirty water poured out of the window, and the drinking water drawn from the same river; for most of history big cities were exactly like that, and many of them often saw more deaths than births. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = history # lesson = 073-cities-why-they-grow-and-how-sewers-made-them-safe.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Imagine imagine VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 2 your your PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 3 nmod:poss _ _ 3 street street NOUN NN Number=Sing 1 obj _ _ 4 with with ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 5 no no DET DT PronType=Neg 6 det _ _ 6 bins bin NOUN NNS Number=Plur 1 obl _ _ 7 , , PUNCT , _ 9 punct _ _ 8 no no DET DT PronType=Neg 9 det _ _ 9 drains drain NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 conj _ _ 10 and and CCONJ CC _ 12 cc _ _ 11 no no DET DT PronType=Neg 12 det _ _ 12 taps tap NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 conj _ _ 13 : : PUNCT : _ 15 punct _ _ 14 every every DET DT PronType=Tot 15 det _ _ 15 bucket bucket NOUN NN Number=Sing 1 obl _ _ 16 of of ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 17 dirty dirty ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 18 amod _ _ 18 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 nmod _ _ 19 poured pour VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 18 acl _ _ 20 out out ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 21 of of ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 22 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 23 det _ _ 23 window window NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 obl _ _ 24 , , PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 25 and and CCONJ CC _ 28 cc _ _ 26 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 28 det _ _ 27 drinking drinking NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 compound _ _ 28 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 conj _ _ 29 drawn draw VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 28 acl _ _ 30 from from ADP IN _ 33 case _ _ 31 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 33 det _ _ 32 same same ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 33 amod _ _ 33 river river NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 obl _ _ 34 ; ; PUNCT , _ 40 punct _ _ 35 for for ADP IN _ 36 case _ _ 36 most most ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 44 obl _ _ 37 of of ADP IN _ 38 case _ _ 38 history history NOUN NN Number=Sing 36 nmod _ _ 39 big big ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 40 amod _ _ 40 cities city NOUN NNS Number=Plur 44 nsubj _ _ 41 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 44 cop _ _ 42 exactly exactly ADV RB _ 44 advmod _ _ 43 like like ADP IN _ 44 case _ _ 44 that that PRON DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 1 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=1:conj 45 , , PUNCT , _ 51 punct _ _ 46 and and CCONJ CC _ 51 cc _ _ 47 many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 51 nsubj _ _ 48 of of ADP IN _ 49 case _ _ 49 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 47 nmod _ _ 50 often often ADV RB _ 51 advmod _ _ 51 saw see VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 44 conj _ _ 52 more more ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 53 amod _ _ 53 deaths death NOUN NNS Number=Plur 51 obj _ _ 54 than than ADP IN _ 55 case _ _ 55 births birth NOUN NNS Number=Plur 53 nmod _ _ 56 . . PUNCT . _ 1 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **imagine** | imperative | you *not said here* | your street | | | | with no bins and no drains and no taps; every bucket of dirty water and the drinking water *obl* | vn wish-62 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot street=Theme | | 2 | **pour out** | participle | dirty water *not said here* | the window | | | | | vn preparing-26.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent window=Patient | | 3 | **draw** | participle | | the drinking water *not said here* | | | | from the same river | vn split-23.2 «NP V PP.co-patient»: agent=Patient from river=Co-Patient | | 4 | **is** | past | big cities | | | | | like that; for most of history; exactly *property* | tree rules | | 5 | **see** | past | many of cities | more deaths | | | | than births; often *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer death=Stimulus | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:073-cities-why-they-grow-and-how-sewers-made-them-safe.lesson:0`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Why some places grew rich, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/72-why-some-places-grew-rich/15/) - next →: [Cities: why they grow, and how water a…, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/73-cities-why-they-grow-and-how-sewers-made-them-safe/1/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/73-cities-why-they-grow-and-how-sewers-made-them-safe/)