--- title: In old Edinburgh people sometimes threw waste from upstairs windows… — Cities: why they grow, and how water and sewers… · tree and pragmatics description: In old Edinburgh people sometimes threw waste from upstairs windows with the shout «gardyloo», probably from French for «watch out for the water»; it was against the rules, and towns fined people for it. Who acts: people, towns, water. A sentence of the lesson «Cities: why they grow, and how water a --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/73-cities-why-they-grow-and-how-sewers-made-them-safe/11/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / [Cities: why they grow, and how water a…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/73-cities-why-they-grow-and-how-sewers-made-them-safe/) / 11 # Cities: why they grow, and how water and sewers made them safe, sentence 11 In old Edinburgh people sometimes threw waste from upstairs windows with the shout «gardyloo», probably from French for «watch out for the water»; it was against the rules, and towns fined people for it. **Who acts:** people, towns, water · **What happens:** throw, watch out, be, fine · **To what, where:** waste, old Edinburgh, people This is a sentence of the lesson «Cities: why they grow, and how water and sewers made them safe» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (people, towns, water), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:history:073-cities-why-they-grow-and-how-sewers-made-them-safe.lesson:11 # text = In old Edinburgh people sometimes threw waste from upstairs windows with the shout «gardyloo», probably from French for «watch out for the water»; it was against the rules, and towns fined people for it. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = history # lesson = 073-cities-why-they-grow-and-how-sewers-made-them-safe.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 In in ADP IN _ 3 case _ _ 2 old old ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 amod _ _ 3 Edinburgh Edinburgh PROPN NNP Number=Sing 6 obl _ _ 4 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 nsubj _ _ 5 sometimes sometimes ADV RB PronType=Ind 6 advmod _ _ 6 threw throw VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 7 waste waste NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 obj _ _ 8 from from ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 9 upstairs upstairs ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 10 amod _ _ 10 windows window NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 obl _ _ 11 with with ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 12 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 13 shout shout NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 obl _ _ 14 « « ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 15 gardyloo gardyloo NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 appos _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=16:compound 16 » » PUNCT '' _ 15 punct _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=6:obl|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 17 , , PUNCT , _ 38 punct _ _ 18 probably probably ADV RB _ 38 advmod _ _ 19 from from ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 20 French French PROPN NNP Number=Sing 18 obl _ _ 21 for for SCONJ IN _ 23 mark _ _ 22 « « PART TO _ 23 mark _ _ 23 watch watch VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 38 advcl _ _ 24 out out ADP RP _ 23 compound:prt _ _ 25 for for ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 26 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 27 det _ _ 27 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 obl _ _ 28 » » PUNCT '' _ 23 punct _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=23:punct|HaikuPos=PUNCT:,:_ 29 ; ; PUNCT : _ 34 punct _ _ 30 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 34 nsubj _ _ 31 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 34 cop _ _ 32 against against ADP IN _ 34 case _ _ 33 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 34 det _ _ 34 rules rule NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 parataxis _ _ 35 , , PUNCT , _ 38 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=37:punct 36 and and CCONJ CC _ 38 cc _ _ 37 towns town NOUN NNS Number=Plur 38 nsubj _ _ 38 fined fine VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 6 conj _ _ 39 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 38 obj _ _ 40 for for ADP IN _ 41 case _ _ 41 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 38 obl _ _ 42 . . PUNCT . _ 6 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **throw** | past | people | waste | | old Edinburgh | | from upstairs windows; with the shout; sometimes *property* | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent waste=Theme in edinburgh=Destination | | 2 | **watch out** *in a quote* | infinitive | towns *not said here* | | | | | for the water | vn search-35.2 «NP V PP.theme NP.location»: agent=Agent for water=Theme | | 3 | **is** | past | water | | | | | against the rules | tree rules | | 4 | **fine** | past | towns | | people | | | for water; probably *property* | vn bill-54.5-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent people=Recipient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:073-cities-why-they-grow-and-how-sewers-made-them-safe.lesson:11`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Cities: why they grow, and how water a…, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/73-cities-why-they-grow-and-how-sewers-made-them-safe/10/) - next →: [Cities: why they grow, and how water a…, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/73-cities-why-they-grow-and-how-sewers-made-them-safe/12/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/73-cities-why-they-grow-and-how-sewers-made-them-safe/)