---
title: About 2 billion people in the world still have no safe drinking wate… — Cities: why they grow, and how water and sewers… · tree and pragmatics
description: About 2 billion people in the world still have no safe drinking water at home, and girls often spend hours fetching water. Who acts: billion people, girls. A sentence of the lesson «Cities: why they grow, and how water and sewers made them safe» of the history course of Mova's primary school with it
---

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# Cities: why they grow, and how water and sewers made them safe, sentence 16

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About 2 billion people in the world still have no safe drinking water at home, and girls often spend hours fetching water.

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**Who acts:** billion people, girls · **What happens:** have, spend, fetch · **To what, where:** safe drinking water, home, water

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Cities: why they grow, and how water and sewers made them safe» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (billion people, girls), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:history:073-cities-why-they-grow-and-how-sewers-made-them-safe.lesson:16
# text = About 2 billion people in the world still have no safe drinking water at home, and girls often spend hours fetching water.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = history
# lesson = 073-cities-why-they-grow-and-how-sewers-made-them-safe.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1
1	About	about	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	2	2	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	compound	_	_
3	billion	billion	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	still	still	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	13	det	_	_
11	safe	safe	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
12	drinking	drinking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=13:amod|HaikuPos=VERB:VBG:VerbForm=Ger
13	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
14	at	at	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	home	home	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=13:nmod
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
18	girls	girl	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	nsubj	_	_
19	often	often	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
20	spend	spend	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	_
21	hours	hour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	obj	_	_
22	fetching	fetch	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	20	advcl	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=21:acl
23	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	_
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | billion people in the world | no safe drinking water |  | home | still |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Patient |
| 2 | **spend** | present | girls |  |  |  | hour | often *property* | vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **fetch** | gerund | girls *not said here* | water |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:073-cities-why-they-grow-and-how-sewers-made-them-safe.lesson:16`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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- ← previous: [Cities: why they grow, and how water a…, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/73-cities-why-they-grow-and-how-sewers-made-them-safe/15/)
- next →: [Cities then and now: the biggest citie…, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/74-the-biggest-cities-of-every-age-and-of-today/1/)
- ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/73-cities-why-they-grow-and-how-sewers-made-them-safe/)