--- title: Cities grew where farms made extra food and where traders and rulers… — Cities: why they grow, and how water and sewers… · tree and pragmatics description: Cities grew where farms made extra food and where traders and rulers gathered; Uruk in Mesopotamia may have had tens of thousands of people about 5,000 years ago. Who acts: Cities, farms, traders, Uruk. A sentence of the lesson «Cities: why they grow, and how water and sewers made them safe» of the --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/73-cities-why-they-grow-and-how-sewers-made-them-safe/5/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / [Cities: why they grow, and how water a…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/73-cities-why-they-grow-and-how-sewers-made-them-safe/) / 5 # Cities: why they grow, and how water and sewers made them safe, sentence 5 Cities grew where farms made extra food and where traders and rulers gathered; Uruk in Mesopotamia may have had tens of thousands of people about 5,000 years ago. **Who acts:** Cities, farms, traders, Uruk · **What happens:** grow, make, gather, have · **To what, where:** extra food, tens This is a sentence of the lesson «Cities: why they grow, and how water and sewers made them safe» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Cities, farms, traders, Uruk), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:history:073-cities-why-they-grow-and-how-sewers-made-them-safe.lesson:5 # text = Cities grew where farms made extra food and where traders and rulers gathered; Uruk in Mesopotamia may have had tens of thousands of people about 5,000 years ago. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = history # lesson = 073-cities-why-they-grow-and-how-sewers-made-them-safe.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Cities city NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ _ 2 grew grow VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 where where ADV WRB PronType=Rel 5 advmod _ _ 4 farms farm NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nsubj _ _ 5 made make VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 2 advcl _ _ 6 extra extra ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 amod _ _ 7 food food NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 obj _ _ 8 and and CCONJ CC _ 13 cc _ _ 9 where where ADV WRB PronType=Rel 13 advmod _ _ 10 traders trader NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 nsubj _ _ 11 and and CCONJ CC _ 12 cc _ _ 12 rulers ruler NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 conj _ _ 13 gathered gather VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 5 conj _ _ 14 ; ; PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 15 Uruk Uruk PROPN NNP Number=Sing 20 nsubj _ _ 16 in in ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 17 Mesopotamia Mesopotamia PROPN NNP Number=Sing 15 nmod _ _ 18 may may AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 20 aux _ _ 19 have have AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 20 aux _ _ 20 had have VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 2 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=2:conj 21 tens ten NOUN NNS Number=Plur 20 obj _ _ 22 of of ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 23 thousands thousand NOUN NNS Number=Plur 21 nmod _ _ 24 of of ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 25 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 nmod _ _ 26 about about ADV RB _ 27 advmod _ _ 27 5,000 5000 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 28 nummod _ _ 28 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 29 obl:unmarked _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=20:obl:unmarked 29 ago ago ADV RB _ 20 advmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=28:advmod 30 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **grow** | past | Cities | | | | | | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **make** | past | farms | extra food | | | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset food=Product | | 3 | **gather** | past | traders and rulers | | | | | | vn herd-47.5.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **have** | may · perfect | Uruk in Mesopotamia | tens of thousands of people | | | | ago *property* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ten=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:073-cities-why-they-grow-and-how-sewers-made-them-safe.lesson:5`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Cities: why they grow, and how water a…, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/73-cities-why-they-grow-and-how-sewers-made-them-safe/4/) - next →: [Cities: why they grow, and how water a…, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/73-cities-why-they-grow-and-how-sewers-made-them-safe/6/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/73-cities-why-they-grow-and-how-sewers-made-them-safe/)