---
title: In 2007 more than half of the world's people lived in cities for the… — Cities: why they grow, and how water and sewers… · tree and pragmatics
description: In 2007 more than half of the world's people lived in cities for the first time, and the share is still rising. Who acts: half, share. A sentence of the lesson «Cities: why they grow, and how water and sewers made them safe» of the history course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and
---

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# Cities: why they grow, and how water and sewers made them safe, sentence 7

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In 2007 more than half of the world's people lived in cities for the first time, and the share is still rising.

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**Who acts:** half, share · **What happens:** live, rise · **To what, where:** 2007

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Cities: why they grow, and how water and sewers made them safe» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (half, share), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:history:073-cities-why-they-grow-and-how-sewers-made-them-safe.lesson:7
# text = In 2007 more than half of the world's people lived in cities for the first time, and the share is still rising.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = history
# lesson = 073-cities-why-they-grow-and-how-sewers-made-them-safe.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	2007	2007	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	11	obl	_	_
3	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp|ExtPos=ADV	5	advmod	_	_
4	than	than	ADP	IN	_	3	fixed	_	_
5	half	half	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing|NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac	11	nsubj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod:poss	_	_
9	's	's	PART	POS	_	8	case	_	_
10	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
11	lived	live	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	cities	city	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	_
14	for	for	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	17	amod	_	_
17	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	share	share	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nsubj	_	_
22	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	24	aux	_	_
23	still	still	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	_
24	rising	rise	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	11	conj	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=11:advcl
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | past | half of the world's people |  |  | 2007 | time | in cities | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in 2007=Location |
| 2 | **rise** | present · progressive | the share |  |  |  | still |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:073-cities-why-they-grow-and-how-sewers-made-them-safe.lesson:7`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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- next →: [Cities: why they grow, and how water a…, 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/73-cities-why-they-grow-and-how-sewers-made-them-safe/8/)
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