--- title: In 1854 the doctor John Snow mapped cholera cases in London, found m… — Cities: why they grow, and how water and sewers… · tree and pragmatics description: In 1854 the doctor John Snow mapped cholera cases in London, found many around one water pump on Broad Street, and the pump handle was removed; his work helped show that dirty water, not bad air, spreads cholera. Who acts: John, work, dirty water, London. A sentence of the lesson «Cities: why they g --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/73-cities-why-they-grow-and-how-sewers-made-them-safe/9/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / [Cities: why they grow, and how water a…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/73-cities-why-they-grow-and-how-sewers-made-them-safe/) / 9 # Cities: why they grow, and how water and sewers made them safe, sentence 9 In 1854 the doctor John Snow mapped cholera cases in London, found many around one water pump on Broad Street, and the pump handle was removed; his work helped show that dirty water, not bad air, spreads cholera. **Who acts:** John, work, dirty water, London · **What happens:** map, find, remove, help, show, spread · **To what, where:** cholera cases, 1854, many, one water pump, pump handle, cholera · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Cities: why they grow, and how water and sewers made them safe» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (John, work, dirty water, London), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:history:073-cities-why-they-grow-and-how-sewers-made-them-safe.lesson:9 # text = In 1854 the doctor John Snow mapped cholera cases in London, found many around one water pump on Broad Street, and the pump handle was removed; his work helped show that dirty water, not bad air, spreads cholera. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = history # lesson = 073-cities-why-they-grow-and-how-sewers-made-them-safe.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 In in ADP IN _ 2 case _ _ 2 1854 1854 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 7 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=13:obl 3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 4 doctor doctor NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 appos _ _ 5 John John PROPN NNP Number=Sing 13 nsubj _ _ 6 Snow Snow PROPN NNP Number=Sing 5 flat _ _ 7 mapped map VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 13 conj _ _ 8 cholera cholera NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 compound _ _ 9 cases case NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 obj _ _ 10 in in ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 11 London London PROPN NNP Number=Sing 9 nmod _ _ 12 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=5:punct 13 found find VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 14 many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 13 obj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=13:obj|HaikuPos=PRON:JJ:PronType=Ind 15 around around ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 16 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 18 nummod _ _ 17 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 compound _ _ 18 pump pump NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 obl _ _ 19 on on ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 20 Broad Broad PROPN NNP Number=Sing 21 compound _ _ 21 Street Street PROPN NNP Number=Sing 18 nmod _ _ 22 , , PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 23 and and CCONJ CC _ 28 cc _ _ 24 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 26 det _ _ 25 pump pump NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 compound _ _ 26 handle handle NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 nsubj:pass _ _ 27 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 28 aux:pass _ _ 28 removed remove VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 13 conj _ _ 29 ; ; PUNCT : _ 32 punct _ _ 30 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 31 nmod:poss _ _ 31 work work NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 nsubj _ _ 32 helped help VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 13 conj _ _ 33 show show VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 32 xcomp _ _ 34 that that SCONJ IN _ 42 mark _ _ 35 dirty dirty ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 36 amod _ _ 36 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 42 nsubj _ _ 37 , , PUNCT , _ 40 punct _ _ 38 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 39 advmod _ _ 39 bad bad ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 40 amod _ _ 40 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 36 conj _ _ 41 , , PUNCT , _ 42 punct _ _ 42 spreads spread VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 33 ccomp _ _ 43 cholera cholera NOUN NN Number=Sing 42 obj _ _ 44 . . PUNCT . _ 13 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **map** | participle | John *not said here* | cholera cases | | 1854 | | in London | tree rules | | 2 | **find** | past | John | many | | one water pump on Broad Street | | | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent many=Topic | | 3 | **remove** | past · passive | | the pump handle | | | | | vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | | 4 | **help** | past | London's work | | | | | | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | | 5 | **show** | infinitive | London's work *not said here* | | | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 6 | **spread** | present | dirty water and bad air | cholera | | | | | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location cholera=Theme | | 7 | **work** | | London | | | | | | nom work «act intransitive»: poss=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:073-cities-why-they-grow-and-how-sewers-made-them-safe.lesson:9`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Cities: why they grow, and how water a…, 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/73-cities-why-they-grow-and-how-sewers-made-them-safe/8/) - next →: [Cities: why they grow, and how water a…, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/73-cities-why-they-grow-and-how-sewers-made-them-safe/10/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/73-cities-why-they-grow-and-how-sewers-made-them-safe/)