--- title: Tall buildings became possible with steel frames and with safe lifts… — Cities then and now: the biggest cities of every… · tree and pragmatics description: Tall buildings became possible with steel frames and with safe lifts, shown by Elisha Otis in the 1850s, which stop the lift falling if a cable breaks. Who acts: Tall buildings, 1850s, lift, cable. A sentence of the lesson «Cities then and now: the biggest cities of every age and of today» of the hi --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/74-the-biggest-cities-of-every-age-and-of-today/11/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / [Cities then and now: the biggest citie…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/74-the-biggest-cities-of-every-age-and-of-today/) / 11 # Cities then and now: the biggest cities of every age and of today, sentence 11 Tall buildings became possible with steel frames and with safe lifts, shown by Elisha Otis in the 1850s, which stop the lift falling if a cable breaks. **Who acts:** Tall buildings, 1850s, lift, cable · **What happens:** become, show, stop, falling, break · **To what, where:** 1850s This is a sentence of the lesson «Cities then and now: the biggest cities of every age and of today» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Tall buildings, 1850s, lift, cable), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:history:074-the-biggest-cities-of-every-age-and-of-today.lesson:11 # text = Tall buildings became possible with steel frames and with safe lifts, shown by Elisha Otis in the 1850s, which stop the lift falling if a cable breaks. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = history # lesson = 074-the-biggest-cities-of-every-age-and-of-today.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Tall tall ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 amod _ _ 2 buildings building NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 3 became become VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 possible possible ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 xcomp _ _ 5 with with ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 steel steel NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 compound _ _ 7 frames frame NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obl _ _ 8 and and CCONJ CC _ 13 cc _ _ 9 with with ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 10 safe safe ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 11 amod _ _ 11 lifts lift NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 obl _ _ 12 , , PUNCT , _ 11 punct _ _ 13 shown show VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 3 conj _ _ 14 by by ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 15 Elisha Elisha PROPN NNP Number=Sing 16 compound _ _ 16 Otis otis NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 obl _ _ 17 in in ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 18 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 19 1850s 1850 NOUN NNS Number=Ptan|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Card 13 obl _ _ 20 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 21 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 22 nsubj _ _ 22 stop stop VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 19 acl:relcl _ _ 23 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 24 det _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=25:det 24 lift lift NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 nsubj _ _ 25 falling falling VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 22 xcomp _ _ 26 if if SCONJ IN _ 29 mark _ _ 27 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 28 det _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=29:det 28 cable cable NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 nsubj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=29:compound 29 breaks break VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 25 advcl _ _ 30 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **become** | past | Tall buildings | | | | | possible *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | | 2 | **show** | participle | Tall buildings *not said here* | | | the 1850s | | with safe lifts; by Elisha Otis | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **stop** | present | the 1850s | | | | | | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality | | 4 | **falling** | gerund | the lift | | | | | | tree rules | | 5 | **break** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | a cable | | | | | | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:074-the-biggest-cities-of-every-age-and-of-today.lesson:11`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Cities then and now: the biggest citie…, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/74-the-biggest-cities-of-every-age-and-of-today/10/) - next →: [Cities then and now: the biggest citie…, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/74-the-biggest-cities-of-every-age-and-of-today/12/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/74-the-biggest-cities-of-every-age-and-of-today/)