---
title: Cities of more than 10 million people are called megacities, and the… — Cities then and now: the biggest cities of every… · tree and pragmatics
description: Cities of more than 10 million people are called megacities, and there are now more than 30 of them. Who acts: 30. A sentence of the lesson «Cities then and now: the biggest cities of every age and of today» of the history course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics o
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/74-the-biggest-cities-of-every-age-and-of-today/7/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / [Cities then and now: the biggest citie…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/74-the-biggest-cities-of-every-age-and-of-today/) / 7

# Cities then and now: the biggest cities of every age and of today, sentence 7

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cities of more than 10 million people are called megacities, and there are now more than 30 of them.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** 30 · **What happens:** call, be · **To what, where:** Cities · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the lesson «Cities then and now: the biggest cities of every age and of today» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (30), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:history:074-the-biggest-cities-of-every-age-and-of-today.lesson:7
# text = Cities of more than 10 million people are called megacities, and there are now more than 30 of them.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = history
# lesson = 074-the-biggest-cities-of-every-age-and-of-today.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	Cities	city	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
3	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp|ExtPos=ADV	6	advmod	_	_
4	than	than	ADP	IN	_	3	fixed	_	_
5	10	10	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	compound	_	_
6	million	million	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	nmod	_	_
8	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
10	megacities	megacity	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	xcomp	_	_
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	14	expl	_	_
14	are	be	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	_
15	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	14	advmod	_	_
16	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp|ExtPos=ADV	18	advmod	_	_
17	than	than	ADP	IN	_	16	fixed	_	_
18	30	30	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	14	nsubj	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nmod	_	_
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | present · passive |  | Cities of million people |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |
| 2 | **be** | present | 30 of people |  |  | there | now |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:074-the-biggest-cities-of-every-age-and-of-today.lesson:7`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Cities then and now: the biggest citie…, 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/74-the-biggest-cities-of-every-age-and-of-today/5/)
- next →: [Cities then and now: the biggest citie…, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/74-the-biggest-cities-of-every-age-and-of-today/9/)
- ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/74-the-biggest-cities-of-every-age-and-of-today/)